HISTORY HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE COMPILED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF D. HAMILTON HURD. ILLUSTRATED. I'll I LADELPH U J. W. LEWIS & CO. 1885. . PUBLISHERS1 PREFACE. Nearly three years ago the attention of the publishers, who have long made a specialty of this class of work, was called to the fact that a history of Hillsborough County was needed. After mature deliberation the work was planned and its compilation commenced. Tin' besl literary talent in this section of the State for this especial work was engaged, whose names appear at the head of their respective articles, besides many other local writers mi special topics. These gentlemen approached the work in a spirit of impartiality and thoroughness, and we believe it has been their honest endeavor to trace the history of the development of the territory embodied herein from that period when it was in the undis- puted possession of the red man to the present, and to place before the reader an authentic narrative of its rise and progress. The work has been compiled from authenticated ami original sources, and no effort spared to produce a history which should prove in every respect worthy of the county represented. The Publishers. Philadelphia, August, 1885. CONTENTS GENERAL HISTORY CHAPTER I. Early History and Organization of Courts . CHAPTER II. The Bench and Bai TOWN HISTORIES. 139 289 297 Greenfield 331 Litchfield 486 Greenville 518 Merrimack 527 551 New Boston 585 New Ipswich 610 . 631 Peterborough 650 .... 672 678 Windsor 727 730 Appendix 745 BIOGRAPHICAL. Fit. h, Cliail. - I' . Forsaith, Samuel C Foster, Herman French, John C ... Fuller, John G Fulton, Jamee .. .. Gilbert, John Gilman, Hora< •■ W Gilman, Vii .■ I I m II G lale, Levi '■ lale, T. N Goodell, David II ■ oiij Godfrey, Reuben Goffe, John Gove, Charles I' ■li ». Gray, II S Greeley, fforai e !.!■ ■-■_, .l.lhi- Griffin, George Grimes, l'i ini is .. Grimes, James F Hall, James H Hall, James Hai vey Hamblet Eli Heald, Dai I Hiklretli. Jutham Holman, Charles Kosley, Jol o Howard I'.niiily, Tho Hutchinson, John W... Jones Family, The Kimball, Gilman Kin^Inn ■ . ■ Lincoln, Leavitt Li vermin-.-, Sol. mi. .n K.. Lund, Charles M.i\ n.i'l I'-ini II Merrill, -f.n II Mfoore .1 -■ -f--li (' Moore, Noi man J. M... Morrison, George W Murray, "rl.mdoD New* I!, Joseph Parsons. William M Partridgt . S. H ■r M Parker, William T .. . Pattee, I. N P 1 ■ I' ■ : -- 1 tl Pierce, Franklin Potter, < i.-ncll.-r K Preston, John BHHiKAI'HIKS. ,*» J' 5 ' 1R Sawyer, Mobi*b Oj4 397 Upton, Samuel ■ill Wasou, Klbrklge Webster, Kimball 482 97- Smith, l3.i.«. ... . Nil 1 . Smith, Luk< BaOdi' I U'l ig, David Stanley Uiul w iii, Joseph K 13 Stinscli, I'liall.-s 327 ILLUSTRATIONS, Adams, ['iiiaehas Averill, Clinton S Balch, Charles E Balch, Mark Baldwin, Samuel Berry, Augustus Blood, Aretas Bradley, Denis U Bradford, Kpbraini P Bro ■!.-. [aaac Buck, William I) Burnbam, Abel C Burns, Charles H Campbell, Charles H Campbell, Daniel, -lr Chamberlain, J uni - 1 « hi I. jr, Person C Christie, Morris Clapp, Allen N Clark, Daniel Clark.', John 1! Clark, Lewis W Clough, Lucien B., i i aby, i fliah Cross, David Ci bie, Niuian C Cumner, Nathaniel W Carrier, M i' . . Cntler, John H Davis, Joseph Dearborn, Cornelius Van ] Dearborn, Samuel G Dodge, Perlev I' '■■ i Resof Dnniap, Vn hibald II Edwards, Supply U (J I.ii. -. Thomas N ... Goodell, David II ... Graves, Josiah G ..... Gray, II. N Gregg '.Hues Griffin, Grimes, Francis Gin,,.,, .1 . r ■ t — I Hall, .lames Harvey. Hamblet, Eli Heald, Davi.l Hildrelli, J.itbam Holman, i barlefi Hoaley, John Howard, Ezra P Hutchinson, John W. Kimball, Gilman Kini>l.iii \. 1....1-. Lincoln, Leavitt I.iveinioi,., Sob. mull I Lund, i harli - ... Map ■ ■( Hillsborough i Mavnal'l, .I.'lili II >l « - 1 1 ill, .bun.-- I: M Joseph C Moore, Norman .1 M Mull. iv, I Irian, lo D.... Newell, Joseph Parker, John M Parker, William T. . .. Parsons, William M.... Partridge, S. II Pattee, I.. N Pevey, Peter IVviv, /.hi. hah Pi Franklin Pottor, Chandler E Preston, John Ramsey, John s.iu >.-r, Aar.ui W v,\.\. i ^l , .. Shirley, E. C Sun. I:-, llll.ilii Simons, Lewis Smith, G _• I Smith, tsaai W Smith, John I Smith. I. ilk.- Smyth, Fn-ileiii-k Spalding, Isaac ley, Clinton W St.i Stevens, William ... St 1 1,-,. ii, Charles . Straw, Ezekiel A... Sullowaj , Cyrus \ Swallow, Stillman.. Tail.,. II, Joel II .... Tuttle, Jacob I ph. II, Sal I Wallace, Alonzo S.. Wason, Elbridge .... Webster, bin, I,.. II Wi lis, . harli ■ Weston, Jai A .. HISTORY or HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. CHAPTER I. EARLY HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION OF COURTS. BY GEORGE A. RAMSDELL. For many years previous to 1740 the boundary lines of the province of New Hampshire were in dispute. Massachusetts claimed that the division boundary between that State and New Hampshire was denned by a line drawn from a point on the Atlantic coast three miles north of the mouth of the Merrimack Eiver, and running on the northerly and easterly side of the river, and at a distance of three miles from it, to a point three miles beyond the parallel of the junction of the Winnipiseogee and the Pemigewasset; thence due west to the Connecticut. This covered all the territory included in the present limits of the county of Hillsborough, excepting the town of Pelham and such portion of the town of Hudson as lies more than three miles from the Merrimack River. It also in- cluded the whole of Cheshire County and the larger part of the present limits of Merrimack and Sullivan Counties. New Hampshire claimed for her southern boundary a line produced due west from the same point on the ocean. By this claim the towns of Pelham, Hudson, Litchfield, Nashua, Merrimack, Hollis, Amherst and other towns lying within some fourteen miles of latitude were conceded to be in Massachusetts. The ancient town of Dunstable, containing more than two hundred square miles, and including all of the towns above named and portions of other towns within the present limits of New Hampshire, made a part of the county of Middlesex, in Massachusetts, and had not before 1740 been regarded by any party as in part the territory of the province of New Hampshire. Previous to 1740 a board of commissioners, acting under the royal authority, had established the eastern 1 boundary, but failing to agree upon the southern line the King himself terminated the controversy in favor of New Hampshire, fixing the present boundary and granting the State a much larger territory than had been claimed. The decision, though somewhat arbi- trary and not in accordance with the prayer of either party, was founded upon sound suggestions. By the letter of the grant to Massachusetts it would seem that her claim was good, but it was urged by the King's Council that when the .Massachusetts grant was made the country was unexplored, and the course of the Merrimack was supposed to be substantially at right angles with the ocean its entire length, and that it would be just and equitable between the parties to follow the river so far as its general course was from the west to the cast and no farther. This act of the King annexing so much territory, before that time under the government of Massachu- setts, to the province of New Hampshire was not satisfactory to the people of Massachusetts, or to the inhabitants of the lauds so virtually annexed. It was very naturally urged by the people, who were thus made to attorn to New Hampshire, that it was unfair to sever them from a more powerful province against their remonstrance and annex them to a weaker at a time when it seemed there would be no end of Indian wars and depredations. An attempt was made to have the matter reheard, which failed, as well as a proposi- tion to re-annex the entire province to Massachusetts. Upon the settlement of a question which had troubled the province for half a century, the towns which had had a corporate existence under Massa- chusetts were rechartered by the province of New Hampshire, and new towns were formed from those portions of existing towns cut off from Massachusetts. The political history of New Hampshire to the middle of the eighteenth century is simply the history of the southeastern portion of the State, Portsmouth, Exeter and Dover being the towns of consequence at HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. i li:i: time. I'n '. ious to the year 177n the entire State, for all financial and judicial purposes, was a single count. All business <it';i public nature was transacted al i of the three towns named, and most of it at Portsmouth. All t n ifict rs resided tsmouth then had a population of more than foul thousand, ami »ii< practically tin- capital of the pro> ince. As the province increased in population the ] pie other and smaller political <li\ isions, in which ordinary business could be transacted. In 1767, John Wentworth, the second of that name, inted < rovernor of New Hampshire, and one of the measure* brought forward at the opening of his administration comprehended the division of the into counties, and the erection of a judicial system to meet the want- of the entire State. It was opposed by the residents of what is now Rockingham ( lountj . "ii the ground that it would increase the ex- penses of the province without corresponding advan- tages The < rovernor favored the measure as one likely to develop the province, an end to which he devoted hi> entire energies, penetrating the wilderness so far as to lay out an estate and erect an elegant mansion at Wolfborough, upon the Winnipiseogee. The matter was debated in several sessions of the Assembly before all points of difference could be rec- onciled. The number of counties, and lines of divi- sion were not easily agreed upon. It was finally settled that the province should he divided into five counties, with an ample judiciary system. The act was finally passed, suspending its operation until such time as the Kind's pleasure should he known. The act took effect in the spring of 1771. Governor Wentworth named the counties (after his friends in England i Rockingham, Strafford, Hills- borough, i Iheshire and Grafton. It may be remarked that by the efforts of parties opposed to any division. the counties of Strafford and Grafton, by an amend- ment to the act, remained connected to the county of Rockingham until 177o. Sullivan has since been taken off Cheshire. Coos from Grafton, Merrimack IV. .in Buckingham and Hillsborough, Carroll and Belknap from Strafford. Hillsborough County upon its organization in- cluded all the territory of the present county, except- ing the town of Pelhani. which for a time formed part of Rockingham County. It also included all of the present county of Merrimack west of the Merrimack River, excepting: the town of Bow, the city of Concord and portions of other towns whose lines have been ithin a few wars. The territory thus set countj of Hillsborough was not all incor- porated into towns. Some of it was not even settled, mds then settled remained unincorporated 1 years. I he population of the county at the time of its organization was not far from fifteen n i re eighteen incorporated towns within the present limits of the county, ranking as follows in point of population ami valuation: Am- herst, Hollis, New Ipswich, Dunstable, Merrimack, Nottingham West (now Hudson). Peterborough, Litchfield, Bedford, Im.i1-o.hu, Derryfield (now Man- chester), Wilton, New Boston, Mason. Weare, Lynde- borough, Temple and Hillsborough. More than half the population of the county at this time resided in thesis t..wns Amherst, Hollis, New Ipswich, Dun- stable, Merrimack and Nottingham West. \. n 1 lam]. shire wassettled by immigration coming in through tour different channels, the Portsmouth and Piscataqua colonies, the Londonderry colony, i he settlers coming into the State by way of 1 (unstable, and the line of immigration coining up the valley of the Connecticut River. The county of Hillsborough was peopled from the -econd ami third of these sources, ami very largely from the Londonderry settlement. No sooner was the demand for the division of the State into counties in a fair way to be answered affir- matively than the question of the selection of the shire- lown began to be agitated. Three towns were named mi this connection, — Amherst, Hollis and Merrimack. The attention of the Governor of the province was called to this matter as early as October, 1767, by the Rev. Daniel Wilkins, the first minister of the town of Amherst, in the following letter : " Hon. and Dear Sir " Alt.] .hi.- salutations I b-g leave to inform your Hon' that the pro- posal t.t" the general ('unit, that Merrimack he the shire-town of the county ..I. tin- west si.t. ..f Merrimack river, has caused a general un- easiness throughout the canity, an.l many thinking men in Merrimack itself (as I have heen credibly informed) are well satisfied that if the pro- posal he established, it will In' greatly to the town damage in general, as t!ov at. small in numbers, consisting ..f seventy odd families, no more, and (hose rim. h scattered, and many of that number are new places anil no ways an mn i lated to entertain a Court, especially with hay and pas- niia-v ; math, i do they -0.1 expect 1. !"■ accommodated within the pre- 111.-. , 1- a _r. .11 part of their land is poor and clothed with shrub. The uneaBinessof the ] pie arises from the said proposal not being for Am- herst rather than Merrimack, not only as Amherst has heen talked as for a shire-town ever from its infancy, thereby fixing the mind of the 1 pi. ii[ it, being from its situation nearer to the Heart of the county, so that many towns can come from home in the morning an.l return home in the evening. They could not possibly d.. the like if it. .Court beat Mer :k, and thereby save a great deal of charge to poor people. ■•And now. honored sir, I Lei: leave to _iv. a desi lipiioii of Amherst" in a lew words 'It 1- situated about eight miles from Mr. Lutwickes' l.-iiv, on M'-iriiuaok river, the contents of which is about six miles square, containing about on. hundred I sixty families and accomtno- . la l.d, according to men of the best judgment, to settle ..lie hundred fami- lies more than is already settled, and near a hundred ..1 11. country farms, well accommodated with fields and pastures, and chiefly all good Husbands.' "The middle of the town is pleasantly situated, a good coach load from the eastern and southern pat ts of the province, and all roads center n!e in general, knowing the situation and accommodations of Amherst t., entertain the » ..int. suppose that the General Court's proposal tor Merrimack springs from a misrepresentation. The occa- sion of these lines to your lion, was the coos of the j pic, and 1 beg 1. i\, ... siil.-ciilieyonr humble servant. ••Amherst, Oct. ye 1, 1767. " To 11, 11 I mouth." The arguments of this divine, reinforced by other expressions of the voice of the people of the county, prevailed, and Amherst was made the shire-town. It EAKLY HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION OF COURTS. was ajusl decision, it being the most populous town, and located near what was then the centre of popula- tion ami near the present geographical centre of the county. Amherst then had as large a population as to-day, but it must beremembered that its territorial limits have been contracted, the towns of Milford and Mount Vernon having been taken from it. For a long time it was a place of business and social consequence ; many people of culture and distinction have there re- sided. A laek of water-power and railroad facilities have cost the town the prominence it once had, and it has receded from the first to the ninth place in rank among the towns of the county in the matter of popu- lation and valuation. It was side shire-town for the present county limits until 1846, when a term of court was established at .Manchester, and another term at Nashua in 1857. In 1865 a jail was legally established at Manchester, and the old stone building at Amherst was discontinued. In 1866 the records, for so long a time at Amherst, by vote of the county, were removed to Nashua, where they are now kept in substantial buildings and vaults. In 1879 the only term of court then held at Amherst was abolished, and the town, after an honorable record of one hundred and eight year-, ceased, in t he language of Parson Wilkins, to entertain the courts. It is not generally known that a town of consider- able ' importance, called Monson, had a chartered existence in this county previous to the year 1770, It lay upon the south of the Souhegan River and measured upon the river about six miles, extending from a little above Jones' Corner, in Milford, to a point a little below Danforth's Corner, in Amherst. The breadth of the town from the river south was some- thing more than four miles. The inhabitants of this town made several attempts to be annexed to Am- herst. The principal reason given in their petition to the Assembly was the lack of any central place in the town suitable for a meeting-house. Amherst at first opposed the annexation, but afterwards voted to take a part of the town if Monson would be at the expense of the annexation. Accordingly, an act was passed annexing to Amherst that part of Monson in- cluded in these limits: "From Souhegan River, southerly by the town of Merrimack, two miles; from thence west to the west line of Monson ; from thence northerly to the river, and from this point down the river to the first place mentioned." The remainder of the town was annexed to Hollis. Thus was dismembered a town of the best natural facilities for no better reason than that the geographical centre was not smooth and level enough for a meeting- house common. Amherst held these rich Monson intervales until 17U4, when, on the incorporation of Milford, she surrendered them, with other choice lands upon the north side of the river, giving up in 17'.i4 more than she had received in 1770. The act of the Assembly by which the counties were organized was entitled " An Act for dividing the Pm\ in-c in in Counties and for the more easy admin- istration of Justice." It provided for l be erection of three courts of justice and foi necessary county buildings. The courts were named, — First, the Superior Court of Judicature, which was to be the supreme tribunal of the province ; this court existed until 1813, when the Federalists, having the political power in the State, abolishedit for the purpose id' letting rid of politically obnoxious judges and erected the Superior Judicial Court, which, in turn, was overturned in 1816 by the Democratic Republicans, and the Superior Conn of Judicature re-erected. The last-named court con- tinued to be the court of last resort until the year 1855, when the American or Know-Nothing partj , com- ing into power, abolished it and re-established the Supreme Judicial Court, which, in turn, in 1874, was abolished and the Superior Court of Judicature estab- lished. This court existed until 1876, when it was succeeded by the Supreme Court, now in existence. In 1813 it was claimed that the Legislature could not, by changing the name and, in some minor partic- ulars, the functions of a court, get rid of its judges in a summary manner; that the only way was by address for cause shown or by impeachment. But however much politicians and jurists may differ as to the soundness of the policy of such radical legislation, it seems now to be well settled that this method of procedure has been and is constitutional, else the first court erected under any fundamental law could never be changed, though time and experience should show it to have grave defects. The chief justices of the Supreme Court of the State, under its various names, have been as follows: Before the Revolution, Theodore Atkinson and Mesheck Weare; since the Revolution, Mesheck Weare, Samuel Livermore, Josiah Bartlett, John Pickering, John Dudley, Simeon Olcott, Jeremiah Smith, Arthur Livermore, William M. Richardson, Joel Parker, John J. Gilchrist, Andrew S. Woods, Ira Perley, Samuel D. Bell, Henry A. Bellows, Jonathan E. Sar- gent, Edmund L. Gushing and Charles Doe. But two of these distinguished men were bom in Hillsborough County, — Jeremiah Smith, at Peterborough, and Samuel D. Bell, at Francestown. But one judge has been removed by address of the Legislature (and in this case nothing worse was charged than inability to discharge the duties of the office by reason of old ago. and no judge of our State courts has been impeached; a judge of the United States District Court for the district of New Hamp shire was charged with drunkenness and conduct unbecoming a judge, and was tried by the Senate of the United States ; he admitted his irregularities, but defended upon the ground that he was not intoxicated as a justice, but as plain Mr. ; the Senate, however, were of opinion that when Mr. was intoxicated the court was drunk, and he was removed from office. The next court in order of jurisdiction wa- the HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Inferior Court of Common Pleas. While the Superior Court of Judicature had cognizance of all questions of law and divorce, and ultimately was clothed with equity powers, the Inferior Court of Common Pleas was the tribunal in which all ordinary controversies were settled; this court, established in 1771, continued under the name of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas and the Court of Common Pleas (excepting that it was discontinued from 1820 to 1825) until 1859, when it was abolished and all the business of the court transferred to the Supreme Judicial Court. In 1874 it was revived and continued to exist until 1876 when its business was transferred to the Supreme Court' The third and last court provided for by the bill to organize the counties was entitled the Court of Gene- ral Sessions of the Peace ; this court had for judges or justices all the justices of the peace in commission for the county of Hillsborough; it had a limited juris- diction in criminal complaints, and was attended by a grand and petit jury ; it had also the entire control of all financial affairs of the county ; the number of justices attending the earlier terms of this court rarely exceeded ten ; some later terms were attended by forty or more justices, depending upon the number in com- mission from time to time ; the law did not require the justice to reside in the county for which he was commissioned, and some of the most distinguished men of the State, residing in other counties, were commissioned for this county and had the right to sit in this court. This court continued as at first organized until 1794 it was a cumbersome piece of judicial machinery; it was a matter of choice with the justices how many should sit at any particular term, ami it was claimed by Samuel Dana, in the Legislature of the State, at the time the court was abolished, that parties having causes to be heard at any particular term were accus- tomed to stir up the justices and obtain the personal attendance of their friends at court. In 1 79 1 the functions of this court were incorporated into the Court of Common Pleas, some of the judges of the last court (side judges, as they were called) attending to financial matters, and special committees appointed for that purpose laving out highways. The sessions docket, which we now have as a branch of the business of our general term in the Supreme Court, but formerly in the Common Pleas, is the remnant of this ( lourt of General Sessions of the Peace. In 1855 a board of county commissioners was insti- tuted to act in conjunction with the court in adminis- tering the financial affairs of the county and in laying out highways. With the addition of this auxiliary tribunal, the services of side judges, men generally of sound practical sense, but of no legal learning, were dispensed with. It is generally supposed that these judges were but ornamental appendages to the learned judge who actively presided in the court ; but, in addi- tion to the discharge of the duties now substantially performed by the county commissioners, they often aided the court by their sterling common sense in matters requiring not legal learning merely, but an acquaintance with men and the ordinary concerns of life, which is not always possessed by learned law- yers. There were but three lawyers resident in the county before the Revolution, — Atherton, at Amherst ; Champ- ney, at New Ipswich ; and Claggelt, at Litchfield,— but prominent attorneys from other parts of the State attended all the sessions of the court. It would be useful, and perhaps not uninteresting, to examine into the condition of the statute and com- mon law at the time of the organization of the county. The limit of this paper will not permit anything like an exhaustive enumeration of the laws then in force, and allusion only will be made to some most at variance with the present code. In 1771, Lord Mansfield was chief justice of the Court of King's Bench in England, and for nearly half a century had devoted his entire energies to per- fecting the common law of that realm ; neither before nor since has any one man done so much towards making secure the reciprocal rights of the govern- ment and the governed, judged by the standard of the civilization of that day. The common law of Eng- land was brought over and became a part of the law of the colonies by the settlers of this continent; vari- ous modifications were made in the statutes to conform to the necessities of a new country, but in the main the inhabitants of the State were amenable to the same legal conditions as the inhabitants of England one hundred and fourteen years ago. There were eight capital crimes in the province at that time, now bin <>uf, severe penalties were meted out for small offenses; matters which are now left to the tribunal of the individual conscience were then made subjects of statute law, the violations of which were punishable in courts; the whipping-post, the pillory and the stocks were recognized as suitable appliances to have a place in the machinery of a Christian government, and all existed in connection with the jail and court- house until the commencement of the present century. In punishment of crime, distinctions were made founded upon the color or condition of the party to suffer the penalty. Benefit of clergy, or the exemption of the clergy from penalties imposed by the law for certain crimes was in existence in England and not abolished until the reign of George IV. The history of this exemption is long, and was thoroughly woven into the texture of English criminal law ; its practical working was to exempt the clergy from the punish- ment affixed to most crimes ; it was no inconvenient thing to be able to plead benefit of clergy, and at one time not only those regularly in orders, but all retainers of the church and someothers claimed the privilege. To make certain who were entitled to this plea, before the time of Henry VII. a statute was passed extending the exemption to only such as could read. EARLY HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION OF COURTS. A single instance is found where this plea was made in this county in colonial times. Israel Wil- kins, of Hollis, was indicted at the September term, 1773, of the Supreme Court, for the murder of his father; he was found guilty of manslaughter; he then prayed the benefit of clergy, which was granted; the court branded the brawny part of his thumb with the letter T, confiscated his personal estate and let him A creditor, until the passage of the revised statutes in 1842, upon any debt, could seize his debtor, and, in default of payment, throw the victim into prison and keep him there until he had paid the last farthing. One of the chief justices of the Court of King's Bench was imprisoned early in life for debt, and dur- ing his confinement of five years entered upon and completed his legal studies and became one of the best of English pleaders. Defendants held for this purpose at first were con- fined as closely as prisoners awaiting trial or serving outa sentence, but as the minds of men became lib- eralized they were allowed some privileges not com- mon to the average criminal. Jail limits were estab- lished in time, and the debtor allowed the privilege of going a certain number of rods from the jail. Within the present century men have been confined at Amherst for debt, one, two, three and even four years, and in several instances carried on extensive mercantile business while prisoners at the suits of creditors. A lawyer by the name of Shattuck, held for debt, established his family within the jail limits, built a house and practiced law with considerable success for several years. The law is now so lenient that it has become difficult to collect honest debts. It is not an uncommon thing to find the wife owning the home- stead—and a pretty large one sometimes— and the hus- band owing all the debts. The organization of the Court of General Sessions of the Peace was first perfected and was really the act by which the county was organized. Its first book of records contains twenty pages, six inches by nine, and covered with common brown paper. The first entry is as follows: "At a Court of General Sessions of the Teace, held for the purpose of preparing a prison, raising money, etc., pursuant to an act of said proT- ince, entitled an act for dividing the same into Counties and for the more easy administration of Justice, held in the public meeting-house in Am- herst, within and for the county of Hillsborough, in said province, on the sivth day of May, in the eleventh year of his Majesty's reign, A.D. 1771, held by adjournment fr tin- hist Thursday after the first Tuesday of April last. ' John Gofi-e, ' E. G. LEorWTCHE, 'John Hale, ' John Shepherd, . ' Samuel Hobaht, 1 Saxuel Blodget. "Appointed J. dm Shepherd, Jr., Clerk, ;.r, to (lie house of Jonathan Smith, Inii-ludder i met at the house of said Smith. " Appointed Samuel Ilobart, John Shepherd, Jr., and Benjamin Whit- ing, Ksii'r, a committee t<> cause said prison to be built. "Appointed Saml. Hol.uit, Es,|., Treasurer. "Ordered, That the committee ab.resaid provide a suitable house in said Amherst and make it fit to keep 'prisoners in until a prison can be built." In accordance with this vote, temporary accommo- dations were provided. John Goft'e, whose name is at the head of the jus- tices of this court and who seems to have taken the lead in the organization of the county, was one of the early settlers atGoffe's Falls, on the Merrimack River, living at different times on both sides of the stream. He commanded the regiment raised in this vicinity in 1760, and was present at the capture of St. John's, Montreal and Quebec. His regiment mustered at Litchfield, and on the 25th of May he issued the fol- lowing unique order: "i ', .1,,n. 1 CnV requires the officers to lie answerable Unit the lien's shirts are changed twice every week at bust ; that such as have hair that will admit of it, must have it constantly tyed ; they must be obliged to comb their heads and wash th.-ir hands every morning ; ;iud i> it is ,h- served that numbers .f ui-oi mrii-i themselves t" wear woolen night- caps in the day-time, he allows them iiats ; they are ordered for the fu- ture not to be seen in the day-time with anything besides their hats on their heads, as the above-mentioned custom of wearing night-iups must lie detrimental to their health and cleanliness. Tie- men's hats to be all cocked in uniform, as Colonel ib-tle pleases to direct." Colonel GofFe marched his regiment across the ferry tit Thornton's, (then Lutwyche's) Ferry, and thence up the Souhegan River to Amherst ; thence to the ford- way tit Monson (now Milford village); thence on the south side of the river for the larger part of the way to Wilton, and thence to Peterborough by way of the notch in the mountains to the east of Peterborough ; thence by way of Dublin to Keene; thence up the valley of the Connecticut to Charleston. From Honton to Keene his route lay mostly through a wilderness, and this distance the regiment cut a road for the transportation of their baggage and provisions. Amherst and Peterborough were incorporated the year of Colonel Goffe's march through the county ; but there was no sufficient highway from Peterbor- ough to Amherst, the principal route of travel from Peterborough to the sea-coast being through the towns of Mason, and Townsend in Massachusetts. Wilton was not incorporated until two years Inter, ami Milford not until tin- year 1794. Colonel GofFe, though a man of war, was a thor- oughly religious man. He often officiated as chaplain in his regiment, and after his military career was ended, and he was a resident of Bedford, he sometimes officiated in the pulpit in the absence of the clergy- man of the town. He was the first judge of Probate for this county, and nitty justly be ranked with the prominent men of ante-Revolutionary times. Edward Goldstone Lutwyche, whose name appears as the second justice upon the roll, was an English gentleman not long in the country, at this time resid- HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Ing at Thornton's Ferry, then called, from the name < if its owner, Lutwyche Ferry. He was colonel of the regimen! at the breaking out of the War of the Revo- lution, huf on the Declaration of Independence joined the English and left the country. His name appears among the twenty -four whose e-iaos »nv . at the close <>t' the war. Captain John Hale, another of the justices, was a prominent citizen of Hollis. He held a military commission and represented his town in the General Court in 177.3; was a successful physician, having practiced his profession many years in Hollis; was surgeon in the army during the French and Indian and also the Revolutionary War. After serving his generation in two wars and in many years of peace, he died in the summer of 1791. Samuel Hobart, a colleagueof Hale, was a resident of Hollis; wa> register of deeds for this county from its organization to 1776, and its first treasurer. He frequently served the courts in the capacity of auditor and upon financial committees, and was the most practical business member of thecourt. While regis- ter of deeds he resided in Hollis, and during a por- tion of the time kept the registry at that place. He was also a member of the New Hampshire Com- mittee of Safety. Samuel Blodgett, another justice, was a resilient of what is now Manchester, at that time GofFstown ; was for many years at work upon a plan to put a canal around Amoskeag Falls. Having spent his own large fortune in the enterprise and failed, he subsequently obtained authority from the State to raise large sums of money by lottery to aid in the building of his locks and canal, and afterwards authority for a second lottery was granted, the pro- ceeds of which were to go towards the same object. Massachusetts afterwards gave him the same privilege and repeated the grant in 1806. After a prolonged struggle his enterprise was completed, and he had the satisfaction of seeing his work an acknowledged success. He was an active and useful member of this court, and a most striking example of untiring perseverance. John Shepherd, Jr., was a resident of Amherst at this time. In addition to many places of trust which he worthily filled, he is found in the year 1766 pre- siding at a town-meeting in Derryfield (now Manches- ter). It happened on this wise: a small minority of the legal voters had irregularly called a town-meeting and chosen a full complement of officers for the year in the absence of a large majority of the voters. The Governor and ( reneral Assembly, on petition, annulled the proceedings of this meeting, and ordered a new election, am! n special act authorized John Shep- herd, Jr.. of Amherst, to call a meeting of the lega1 voters of Derryfield, and to preside in tie ting until a full list of town officers was chosen. Reuben Kidder, another justice of this court, was if- inguished citizen of the town of New Ipswich, a large farmer and one of the most influential men of his neighborhood. He was the only justice in his town before the Revolution, having settled near the hill or mountain in New [pswich which hears his name. He maintained a style of living superior to most of his neighbors; having held two offices under the King, the War of the Revolution found him a mod- erate Tory; Imt the respectability of hischarai ter and the rectitude of his intentions saved him from arrest and imprisonment. Matthew Thornton was a justice of this court five years before he signed the Declaration of Indepen- di qci and before he became a resident of the county, (the law then not requiring a justice to reside in the county tor which he was commissioned). In 1780 he came to Merrimack; was a physician in good standing, and visited professionally most of tin- towns in the county. In addition to the many promi- nent positions he occupied in the province and State, he was at one time chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and afterwards one of the judges of the Superior Court of Judicature. He died in the year 1803, at the age of eighty-eight, having written political essa\s for the press after he had completed his fourscore years. William Clark, of New Boston, engaged as sur- veyor of land, and the only man in town commis- sioned as justice of the peace by royal authority, was a member of this court. His sympathiesat first were not with the patriots, but after the Revolution he served his constituents in every position within their gift. Moses Nichols, one of the justices, was a native of Reading, Mass. He was a physician by pro- fession, and practiced many year- at Amherst; was appointed colonel of the Sixth Regiment in December, 177ti; was at Bennington under Starke. He was register of deeds for this county from 1776 until his death. Wiseman Claggett, one of the justices, had been the King's solicitor-general, and left the office on ac- count of dissatisfaction with the home government. He came to Litchfield to reside in December, 1771; was an efficient prosecuting officer, attaching great consequence to his position ; was active in the Revo- lution, ranking among the foremost in zeal for the success of the colonists. He was made attorney-gene- ral of the State in 177o, and held the position until 1783. Joshua Atherton, of Amherst, Mathew Patten, of Bedford, James Underw 1, of Litchfield, Robert Fletcher, of Dunstable, Noah Worcester, of Hollis, Francis Blood, of Temple. Zacheas Cutler, of New Boston, and other prominent citizens of the county were from time to time justices of this court. The course of business must have been different from the order pursued in most judicial tribunals, for among the rules promulgated tor the government of the court were the following: EARLY HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION OF COURTS. "II. That all sj lies intended lor ihe roml ]><■ addre^-ed to the president. " III. That i/vitv member speaking to the president shall <lo it stand- ing. " IV. Tliat no member speak twice upon any motion until every mem- ber has had an opportunity of speaking once." At the October term, 1771, the first grand jury ever empaneled in the futility was called. General John Shirk was "in1 <>t the jury. < >ne indictment made up the sum total of the findings of the grand jury. The unfortunate individual by them presented answered to the name of Jonas Stepleton. He was brought to the bar, and being arraigned, pleaded guilty and threw himself upon the mercy (if the court. The mercy of the court was dealt out as follows: "It is ordered that the -aid Stopletoll he whipped 1\\ eiity -hipe- . . 1 1 I le naked back at the public whippingpost, between the horn's of one and two of the ..ftern of this :;d day of October, and that he pay N. ilium Baldwin, the owner of the goods stolen, forty-four pounds lawful money, being tenfold the value of the goods stolen (the g Is stolen being re" turned) and that in default of the payment of -aid tenfold damages and costs of prosecution, the said Nahnin Baldtn in be authorized to dispose ul the said Jonas in servitude to any of Hi- Majesties' subjects for the spai • ■ from tin- d.ix In the Superior Court, a little later, one Kerf was convicted of arson, and received the following sen- tence : "It is therefore considered by the Court that the said Michael Keef i;- guilty, and il is ord. red and adjudged thai be sit one hour on the gal- lows with a rope round his neck and be whipped thirty stripes on bis naked hack, on Thursday, the tenth da \ ol June next, between l be hours of ten and twelve o'clock in the forenoon ; that he be imprisoned six months from the said tenth day of June, and give bonds for his good be- haviour in the sum of one hundred pounds, with two sureties in the sum of fifty pounds each, for the' space of two year- from the expiration of said six months, and pay the o>st> of prosecution, taxed at lime ] mis, Beven shillings and ten pence, anil stand committed till sentence be per formed." Benjamin Whiting, one of the committee appointed to look out tho place for a jail, was a resident of Hol- lis, and sheriff of the county at the time of its organi- zation. He adhered to the King, quitted the country on the breaking out of hostilities, was proscribed and forbidden to return and his estate was confiscated. He was a zealous officer of the King, as will appear by an account of some of his official doings, and was a representative man among the Tories of his time. Most of them were men appointed to office by the royal authority, and of course were in sympathy with the general purposes and objects of the government. In a word, like all honest office-holders, they believed in the administration, and had taken an oath to sup- port the laws of their country. May it not In- said that the Tories of the Revolution, with few exceptions, were right-minded men, fearful of change and consti- tutionally opposed to innovations? It seemed to them like desertion of a paternal government to make common cause with those who stood to them as rebels; they also doubted the ability of the colonists to achieve their independence, and were unwilling to put in jeopardy their fortunes in so hazardous an un- dertaking. The lapse of a century leaves them in a somewhat improved condition so far as the morality of their action is concerned. Sheriff Whiting had many obnoxious laws to execute, among others the statute giving every white pine tree from fifteen to thirty-six inches in diametei to the King, for the use of his royal navy ; every man in the province held his land subject to this incum- brance, ami severe penalties were inflicted upon indi- viduals who might use a stick of white pine within the proscribed diameter. There was a surveyor of the King's woods, with many deputies, who were naturally obnoxious to the people. The owner of land, before he commenced cutting, was by law compelled to employ the surveyor or deputy to mark the trees upon the premises fit for masts for the navy, and neglecting to do this, or being too poor to pay the surveyor his fees, the whole was forfeited to the King. Seizures and forfeitures were common wherever the pine-tree grew and mills had been erected. The greatest hostility prevailed against the officers execut- ing the law, and soon extended to the government. The execution of this law in the interior of the prov- ince was with the inhabitants of this county an ex- citing cause of the Revolution. In the winter of 1771 and 1772 an extensive seizure was made in the northern portion of the county. Although the pine is found in most towns in the southern part of the State, it was more abundant upon the Piscataquog River than in other places in this vicinity The great road from Manchester to East Weare, know-n even now as the Mast road, was origi- nally built to facilitate the transportation of masts from Goffstown, Weare, New Boston, Dunbarton and other towns to the Merrimack, to be floated down that stream to the ocean at Xewburyport. A deputy visited this locality in 1771 and 1772 and condemned a large amount of lumber in the mill- yards on the Piscataquog. They were libeled in the Admiralty Court at Portsmouth, and the owners cited to appear and show cause why they should not be forfeited. The citation was published in the New Hampshire Gazette of February 7, 1772, and called upon all persons claiming property in certain enu- merated white pine logs seized by order of the sur- veyor-general in < roffstown and Weare, in the prov- ince of New Hampshire, to appear at a < lourt of Vice- Admiralty to he held at Portsmouth, February 27, 1772, and show cause why the logs should not he foil, it.. 1. The parties interested in the lumber seiz- ure -ul Samuel Blodgett, before spoken of as one of the justices of the Court of Sessions, to Portsmouth to effect a compromise. He made an arrangement by which the informations were to be withdrawn upon the payment of certain sums of money in each case. Blodgett was appointed agent to make this settlement, and was also made a deputy by the surveyor-general. Blodgett, upon his return, sent the offenders a note HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. saying that at the request of many of their number he had made a journey to Portsmouth and obtained leave to settle the complaints in a manner easy to the trespassers, informing them he was appointed a dep- uty of the surveyor, and calling upon them to settle with the King. A settlement was effected with all the owners of logs excepting those at Clement's Mills, in Weare ; they would make no compromise. Accordingly, com- plaints were made out against them and put into the hands of Benjamin Whiting, of Hollis, the sheriff of the county, for service. On the 13th of April, 1772, Mr. Whiting and his deputy, Mr. Quigley, proceeded to serve their warrants. One of the defendants was a Mr. Mudget, residing in Weare. Whiting arrested Mudget, who agreed to give bail next morning. Mudget, instead of getting bailin the usual way. collected a company of his friends during the night, and very early in the morning called upon the sheriff and told him his bail was ready. Mudget's friends were disguised. The officer had not dressed himself for the daj when they rushed upon him in his bed-chamber. He attempted to fire upon them, but was seized, disarmed and severely beaten. A more desperate encounter preceded the capture of Quigley. The horses of both were disfigured by the cropping of their ears, manes and tails. For a time the officers refused to mount these sorry-looking animals, and were helped into their saddles in no ceremonious way. Whiting and Quigley repaired at once to Colonels Goffe and Lutwyce, who at their request ordered out the posse eomitatus, and the force thus raised marched back to Clement's Mills. The rioters had taken to the woods and not a man of them could be found. One was afterwards arrested and lodged in jail; others gave bail for their appearcnce at court. Mudget and seven others, all citizens of Weare, were indicted, pleaded nolo contendere, and were lined by the court for this assault on Whiting. It was an un- justifiable resistance to an officer in the discharge of bis duty, and although the action of the government was oppressive, it was not the proper way in which to inaugurate a revolution. From this time forth the county was in a state of continual political excitement until the opening of the Revolutionary War. The last court record, made upon a half-sheet of crown foolscap, is as follows: " Ann. > llru'ni Io-_'i- 0 eii Tertii. "July session, 1T7:> .lutiti.e- present, John Shepard, Jr., Bloses Nichols, Es.|S. " t.r.i nil Jin hi n 'i | : i -. ii!, William Bradford, Samuel linl ii' v, Will in iii McQuistin. " A in- M sty's Court "i General Sessions of tin- Peace, held at Am- hersl, in and for tin- ohiij!> of H1Iia.11r1.u-l1 uinl Province ot X.-w Hampshire, on the firet Thursdaj next foll..i\ in- tin- first Tuesday in July, 177".. said Coin! elect, .1 Mosc- Nichols, Esq., Clerk pro tem, and aiiji.mii.il >,ml Court ul' General Ses-ions of tile Peace to the first Thurs- day next following the first Tuesday of October next. i-, i I r: 1 Only two justices present, — one presides, the other is clerk pro tempore. The court is adjourned to meet upon a certain day in his Majesty's name, but the coming of that day found the patriotic justices with business to their hands more congenial than holding court in the name of George III. CHAPTER II. THE BENCH AND BAR. Prior to the War of the Revolution there were but three members of the legal profession residing within the present limits of Hillsborough County. These were Hon. Wiseman Claggett, of Litchfield ; Hon. Ebenezer Champney, of New Ipswich; and Hon. Joshua Atherton, of Amherst. Hon. Wiseman Claggett was born at Bristol, England, in the month of August, 1721, and received an early and liberal education in that country. Hav- ing finished his academical studies, he became a stu- dent at the Inns of Court, qualified himself for the profession of the law, and titter going through a regu- lar course of preparatory studies, was admitted a bar- rister in the Court of King's Bench. A few years after his admission to the liar he crossed the Atlantic to the West Indies, settled in Antigua under very flattering circumstances, and was cordially received by the principal inhabitants of the island, particularly by a gentleman of fortune, who, as an inducement for him to remain there, settled on him a handsome annuity for life. He was appointed a notary public and secretary of the island. He dis- charged the duties of these offices with fidelity, and pursued his professional business there with success for several years, until the decease of his particular friend and patron. He then embarked for this coun- try, and settled in Portsmouth. He was admitted an attorney of the Superior Court at the next session after his arrival, and was soon after appointed a jus- tice of the peace. In the exercise of this office he was strict, severe and overbearing. For many years he was the principal acting magistrate in Portsmouth, and his name became proverbial. When one person threatened another with a prosecution, it was usual to say, " I will < 'lagged you." He received the appointment of King's attorney- general for the province in the year 1 7 < j 7 . He took tm early and decided pan in opposition to the oppress- ive acts of the British Parliament at a time when a considerable portion of his property was in the con- trol of the government. Previous to the Revolution he removed to Litchfield, where he possessed a large ami valuable estate on the banks of the Merrimack. He represented that town and Derryfield, classed THE BENCH AND BAR. with it, several years in the General Court. Being omitted one year, the towns of Merrimack and Bedford elected him for their representative, although not an inhabitant of either of those places. He always re- tained a grateful remembrance of this mark of confi- dence and respect, and frequently spoke of it with pleasure. He was for some time a member of the Committee of Safety, and was active, attentive and useful. He was influential in framing and carrying into effect the temporary form of government which was first adopted in New Hampshire, under which the office of solicitor-general was created, and Mr. Claggett was the only person who ever had that appointment; the office ceased at the adoption of the constitution, in 1784, a little previous to his death. He possessed a great flow of wit, which, accompa- nied by his social talents and learning, made him an agreeable companion. He was also distinguished for his classical knowledge. He wrote the Latin language with ease and elegance and spoke it with fluency. He had a fine taste for poetry, and munyjeux d'esprit, the productions of his pen, have been preserved by his friends. He did not possess a perfect equanimity of temper, but was subject at times to great depres- sion of spirits. He died at Litchfield the 4th of De- cember, 1784, in the sixty-fourth year of his age. Ebenezer Champney ' was born at Cambridge in 174:!, and was educated at Harvard University, re- ceiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1762. He was at first designed for the ministry, and to that end studied divinity and preached two years. He re- ceived a call to settle in Township No. 1 (now Mason) ; this was declined, and soon after, he left this profes- sion for that of the law. He prepared himself for this vocation in the office of Hon. Samuel Livermore, and was admitted to the bar at Portsmouth, N. H., in 1768. In June of the same year he removed to New Ipswich, and entered upon the duties of his profes- sion. In the spring of 1783, Mr. Champney went to Groton, where he remained until 1789, was represent- ative in 1784, when he returned to New Ipswich. His first commission as justice of the peace was re- ceived from the celebrated Governor John Hancock, of Massachusetts. In 1795 he was appointed judge of Probate for the county of Hillsborough. The duties of this office were appropriately discharged until his resignation, a few months before his death. Judge Champney married, first, a daughter of Rev. Caleb Trowbridge, of Groton, in 1764, which con- nected him with the distinguished families of Cottons and Mathers. By this marriage he had seven chil- dren, three of whom died in infancy. He became a widower in 177o, and was married again, in 1778, to Abigail Parker, by whom he had four children. She died in 1790, and he was again married, in March, 'Hi6toryof New Ipswich.' 1796, to Susan Wyman, who died the Septcmbei fol- lowing. Judge Champney was a man of very respectable talents, and exercised no inconsiderable influence in the vicinity. During the earlier years of his practice he was the only lawyer between Keene and Groton, and had offices both at New Ipswich and the latter place, in conjunction with his son. The labor of at- tending the courts at that period was very great, the circuit being extensive, and all journeys were neces- sarily performed on horseback. During the controversy between the colonies and the mother-country the sentiments of Mr. Champney were adverse to those extreme measures that led to the Revolution. He was a moderate Tory, and dep- recating a resort to arms, believed that with prudent and moderate counsels all causes of disaffection might be satisfactorily adjusted. He wished to preserve his loyalty and the peace of the country; but, like many others who forebore to take part in the contest, he lived to acknowledge the beneficent effects of that struggle which gave us our liberties and free institu- tions. He died on the 10th of September, 1810, at the age of sixty-seven. HON. JOSHUA ATHEBTON2 was born in Harvard, Mass., June 20, 1737. He numbered among his class- mates at Harvard, Elbridge Gerry, Jeremy Belknap and other distinguished men. While residing in Litchfield and Merrimack he was intimate with Colo- nel Lutwyche, a retired colonel of the British army, a man of means, of refined tastes, acquainted with the world and used to good society. Having received the appointment of register of Probate for Hillsborough County, Mr. Atherton re- moved from Merrimack to Amherst in the summer of 1773, and was soon busily engaged in the practice of his profession. In a short time, however, as the dis- pute between the mother-country and her American colonies increased in bitterness, as he was an open and avowed Loyalist, he fell under the popular dis- pleasure. In common with many other well-informed men of his time, he was not insensible of the wrongs inflicted upon the colonies by the British government, but saw no prospect of their redress by an appeal to arms. His profession, too, was an unpopular one, and it was an easy matter for the leaders in the new movement to excite the people against him. It is also notice- able that much of the persecution to which he was subjected bad its origin in towns adjoining Amherst, rather than among his townsmen. In 1788 he was chosen a delegate to the convention to ratify or reject the proposed constitution of the United States. Acting upon his own convictions of right and the instructions of his constituents, he op- posed its ratification. - C"inlen*e.:l from Secomh's " History of Amherst.* HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. In 1702 he was appointed a delegate to the conven- tion called to revise the state constitution adopted in 1783. After several sessions the work of this con- vention resulted in the amended constitution adopted '"} the i pie in 1702. which remained unchanged for nearly sixty years. In L793and 1794 he served as Senator in the State Legislature, and in the latter year received the ap- pointment of attorney -general of the State At this time many young nun resorted to his office for in- struction in their chosen profession, William Plunur. William Coleman (afterward of the New York Even- ing Post) and William Gordon being among the num- ber. After the new administration of the affairs of tin- country under the Federal government had gone into operation, and had exhibited proofs of a steady, wise and firm rule over the whole country, he became one of its firmest supporters. In 1798 he was appointed a Commissioner for the county of Hillsborough, under the aei passed l>\ ('un- pen 9th July of that year, providing for the valua- tion of lands, dwelling-houses, etc., in the United States, with a view to levying and collecting direct taxes for the support of government. This act was an exceedingly unpopular one, and his acceptance of office under it revived all the old ill-will against him. He, however, discharged the duties of the office, and had the honor of being hung in effigy at Deering. His health and mental vigor becoming impaired, he resigned the office of attorney-general in 1800, and thenceforth devoted himself to the pursuits of a pri- vate citizen. Hon. Clifton Claggett1 studied law under the direction of his father and commenced practice in Litchfield in 17S7. whence lie removed to Amherst in 1811. While' residing in Litchfield he represented the town in the General Court several years. In 1802, 1816 and 181S he was elected a Representative to Congress. In 1810 he was appointed judge of Probate for Hillsborough County, and held the office until September, 1812, when, having been appointed one of the judges of the Superior < lourt, lie resigned. From this last office he was removed, upon the reorganiza- tion of the court, by the Federal party the following year. In 1823 he was appointed judge of Probate for the county of Hillsborough, and held the office until his death. Dr. John Farmer wrote of him : " Without any com- manding powers, hut with the possession of respecta- ble attainments. Judge ( 'laggott gave his constituents, and the public generally, that satisfaction which has not always been imparted by those of higher acquisi- tions, or bj those of the most popular and splendid talents." Hon. Samuel Dana was horn in what is now i By Daniel F. Sei omh. Brighton, .Mass.. January 14. 1739. He graduated from Harvard, and in 1781 was admitted to the Hills- borough bar. He resided in Amherst. In November, 1782, he was chosen a delegate to the convention which framed the constitution of the State. Shortly after the adoption of the constitution he was appointed a justice of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas, but declined toaccept the office. In 17V> In- was appointed register of Probate for Hills- borough County, and held the office until January 9, 1780. when he was appointed judge of Probate. This office he resigned December 21, 1702. saying, in the letter conveying his resignation, that "for the sup- port of my family I am obliged to practice as an attorney, and there is danger that I may not always be able to distinguish between a fee to the attorney and a bribe to the judge." In 1793 he was chosen to the State Senate to rill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Hon. Joshua Atherton. He died April 2. 1798. Charles Humphrey Atherton, son of Joshua Atherton, born in Amherst, graduated at Harvard College in 1794; read law with Joshua Atherton and William Gordon ; commenced practice in 1707; Re- presentative in Congress 1815-17 ; register of Probate 1798-1837; died January 8, 1853. He occupied a prominent place in the Hillsborough County bar for nearly fifty years. He was a prudent and judicious counselor and a faithful advocate. As a Probate lawyer he had lew equals and no superiors in the State. He represented the town of Amherst in the' reneral Court in 1823, 1838 and 1839, and served many years on the superintending school committee of the town, ever manifesting a deep interest in the prosperity of its common schools. Franklin Pierce' was born at Hillsborough, N. H., November 23, 1804. His lather. I General Ben- jamin Pierce, served throughout the Revolutionary War, and in 1827 and 1820 was Governor of New Hampshire. The early youth of Franklin Pierce ex- hibited great mental promise, and it was the aim of his family that his education should lie thorough. His initiatory and academical courses took place at Hancock, Francestown and Exeter, and in 1820 he entered college at Bowdoin, -Me., where Rev. Dr. Stone, Nathaniel Hawthorne, John P. Hall. James Bell and others no less celebrated subsequently, were his classmates. He took his degree in 1824 and spent the three following years in the study of law, at North Hampton, Mas>.. and Amherst. In 1827 he was admitted to the bar, and opened his office in his native town, where his success was speedy and great, largely because his application was equal to his ability. It was earlj seen in his career that he would attain the very highest local celebrity, — a con- viction that was ultimatclv f'ullv realized. While so 'fi 77?&/i«y. • THE BENCH AND B \\\. earnestly applying himself to his duties as a lawyer he espoused himself with great zeal to the cause of Democratic principles, and during the second year of his legal practice, and for two subsequent years, he was chosen to represent Hillsborough in the State Legislature. In 1832 and 18:;:: he was also Representa- tive and Speaker of the House. This and associate honors were not won by any underhand action, but by a firm adherence to political principle, eloquence in debate, unquestioned capacity for public business, uniform courtesy and an exhibition of frankness and manliness of character. In the second year of his incumbency as speaker, being then in his twenty- ninth year, he was elected to represent his native district in the United States Congress, which lie did in that and the succeeding Congress with much ability and credit. In 1837 he was chosen by the Legislature to repre- sent New Hampshire in the United States Senate, and his statesmanship was such as to be the subject of universal encomiums among men of all parties. Though one of the youngest, he was one of the most influential of that then nio*t distinguished body. Few public men had such power as he in making friends, and very few had a wider circle of admirers. From causes ofapurely personal and domestic nature. Senator Pierce resigned his office in 1842, and came home to Concord, where he had removed his family some years previously, and resumed his profession as a lawyer. In 1845, owing to the vacancy in the United States Senate caused by the appointment of Hon. Levi Woodbury to the Superior bench, the successorship was offered by Governor John Steele to Mr. Pierce, but was gratefully declined. He also declined the nomination for Governor of the State and a seat in the Cabinet of President Polk. In his declinatory letter to the President he said that when he left the Senate he did so with the fixed pur- pose never again to be voluntarily separated from his family for any considerable time, except at the call of his country in time of war. When the Mexican War broke out, in 1S47, a battali f soldiers was called for from New Hampshire, and Mr. Pierce was among the very first to enlist as a private soldier, and one of the most earnest in the ranks at drill. He was com- missioned March .'!, 1*47. as brigadier-general, and sailed with a detachment from Newport, R. I., and landed at Vera Cruz on the following 28th of June. He left Vera Cruz with his brigade lor the Mexican interior the succeeding month to reinforce General Scott. On the way, with his two thousand four hun- dred men, several severe skirmishes with guerrillas took place, in all of which the enemy was defeated. He carried his force, losing very few men, to Pu- ebla, where they joined the army of the command- ing general. Contreras, Cherubusco, Molino and Chapultepec were hard-fought fields, on which he liberally shared the honors of victory, as the official reports of these actions abundantly and creditably show. An eminent military otlicer, in re- viewing the history of these struggles and the merits of the leaders therein, says : " 1 have reason to believe that every old otlicer in the army will sustain me when I say of General Pierce that in his service in Mexico he did his duty as a son of the republic, that he was eminently patriotic and gallant, and that it has added a laurel to his beautiful civic wreath." It would be unjust to his memory to neglect mentioning In- remarkable regard for the comfort ami health of the men under his command; with untiring vigi- lance and open hand he administered without stint or measure to the alleviation id' their privations and their sufferings. In 1847, when peace with Mexico was assured, General Pierce returned home to meet the welcome of his many friends and to realize the highest h rs they could bestowupon him. Among them was the presentation of a splendid sword by the State Legislature, as a token of esteem for him as a man and of his gallantry as a soldier. From the period of his return from Mexico up to 1852 he de- voted himself to his profession, his principal political action being his presiding at the Constitutional ( ^in- vention of the State, which met at Concord in L850. Some that are now alive, and were present in court at Manchester, in May, 1850, will never forget the won- derful eloquence, the powerful logic and the amazing legal skill which he exercised preceding the acquittal of both the Wcntworths, of Saco, Me., charged with the murder of Jonas Parker, in Manchester, in 1845. As an orator, he presented his thoughts in a style that would do credit to any age or nation. His remarks on the death of Daniel Webster are unexcelled in the English language. In 1852 the New Hampshire State Democratic Convention recommended him as a candidate for the Presidency ; but he declined, for reasons modestly assigned by himself, to allow his name to be used in that relation. However, the Na- tional Democratic Convention, which met in Balti- more in June of 1852, after forty-nine ballot-, gave him the nomination by a vote of two hundred and eighty-two against eleven. The enthusiasm demon- strated all over the nation in favor of General Pierce was unprecedented, and the result of the campaign was his election over General Scott, the Whig candi- date, the Pierce electoral vote being two hundred and fifty-four and that for Scott forty-two. President Pierce was inaugurated at Washington March 4, 1853. he being then in his forty-ninth year. He had called to aid him a Cabinet C posed of men of rare ability. A member of thatcabinet has truth- fully said, — " Tbe administration ■■! Franklin Pierce presents the only instance in ' il'i i :■■ l.in \,mi- uifliouta single c1i.mil:.- it. n- . - ■ w tie remembered that there was much itj.-.-iiiiil.ilit>. it li. ■! ill- -'11^111 1 ly, ■■! . hin.i. 1. I imi.-li- tin- men il mts ot tlntt c.iMimi. - .hm- !■!■ .i ina> I't- !'■■ •! "i [lie p iwer over men pose ssed and exercised bj Mr Pierce Chivalrous, generous, amiable, on* lo bie fooriil- and to bis faith, frank ami ho]. I in t.i- .!.■< limit ion of liis opinions, tie neve] deceived any om-. Ainl if ir.-.-nln-ry Innl e ver come near him, HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. the presence of his truth, bis maulinese Among the more important events of his adminis- tration were the dispute respecting the boundary be- tween the United States and Mexico, resulting in the acquisition of Arizona: the exploration of the routes proposed for a railroad from the Mississippi to the Pacific ; the amicable settlement of a serious dispute with Great Britain about the fisheries; the affair of Martin Kozta; the repeal of the Missouri Compro- mise; the organization of the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska; the Ostend conference; the treaty negotiated at Washington providing for commercial reciprocity between this country and the Canadian provinces ; the treaty with Japan negotiated in 1864 by Commodore Perry ; the dismissal of the British minister at Washington and the British consuls at New York. Philadelphia and Cincinnati. While much political agitation marked the term of his of- fice, still it was a period of remarkable prosperity to the nation. President Pierce's devotion to his coun- try ami tiag was never shaken or impaired by any misrepresentation or abuse on the part of his politi- cal enemies. In public and in private life his speeches ami correspondence evince a sincere sympathy witli the Union and a devotion to the principles of the Union, to which he had been from childhood a most earnest and sincere advocate. On retiring from the Presidential chair, and after a brief sojourn at home, he visited Europe and trav- eled extensively over Great Britain and the continent. Everywhere he was received with marked attention and respect, although he eschewed all ostentation. He returned after an absence of about three years and devoted himself almost entirely to the duties of a common citizen. Socially, no man had more or deeper respect than he, during the period spent by him in political retirement. He was beloved by young and old, and there was no partisan limit to that affection. President Pierce died childless. His wife was Mary A. Appleton, who gave him two sons, Benjamin and Frank ; the latter died when but a child, and Ben- jamin was killed in a railroad accident near Andover, Mass., soon after his lather's election as President. Mrs. Pierce died in 1863, and President Pierce passed away < Ictober 9, 1869. The event was a universal cause for mourning; high honors, local and national, were paid to his memory. The family lie buried in the beautiful new cemetery at Concord, N. H. Hon. Charles Gordon Atherton ' was born at Amherst, in Hillsborough County, N. H., July 4, 1804. He graduated at Cambridge University, in 1818, with unusual reputation for ability and scholar- ship at an early age. He studied law in the office of his distinguished father, Hon. Charles H. Atherton, was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty-one and i l'.v Hon. L. B. Cluu^li. established himself in business in the town of Dun- stable (now Nashua), in his native county. In his profession his success was decided and his rise rapid. His mind, clear, logical and strong, with the ballast of excellent common sense, the adornments of a quick, fancy and a cultivated taste, was admirably adapted to the studies and the labors of the law. So far as was permitted by the interruptions of political life, he continued to the last in the active practice of his chosen profession. As a lawyer, it is not too much to say of him that he stood in the front rank of a bar which has always been fruitful of legal strength and acumen ; his place was side by side with such com- peers as Pierce, Woodbury, Parker, Bartlett and Bell —following, but not unworthily, in the path of those earlier "giants of the law," Webster, Mason and Jeremiah Smith. In 1830 he commenced his public career as a Repre- sentative from Nashua in the New Hampshire Legis- lature, and continued in this office for a period of several years. He was Speaker of the House of Rep- resentatives for the last three of those years. In March, 1837, he was chosen one of the Representatives of New Hampshire in the national Congress, where he remained for three successive terms, At the ex- piration of that period he was transferred to the Senate of the United States for the term of six years ; successor to John P. Hale at being re-elected to the Senate in March, 1853, occupying a seat in that body during the executive session succeeding the inaugura- tion of President Pierce. He was also a member of the Baltimore Convention which nominated General Pierce for the Presidency. Mr. Atherton died Novem- ber 15, 1853. Hon. Charles Frederick Gove, A.M.,2 the son of Dr. Jonathan anil Polly (Dow) (Jove, was born at Goffstown, May 13, 1793. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1817; read law at Harvard Law School, graduating LL.B. in 1820; began practice in Goffs- town; was assistant clerk of the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1829; represented Gotis- town there in 183(1, 1831, 1832, 1833 and 1834; was in the New Hampshire Senate, and elected its president in June, 1835 ; solicitor of Hillsborough County from 1XM4 to 1835, when he was appointed attorney-general and .served until 1842, and circuit judge of the Court of Common Picas from 1842 to 1848; then became superintendent of the Nashua and Lowell Railroad. He removed from Goflstown to Nashua in 1839; mar- ried Mary Kennedy, daughter of Ziba Gay, of Nashua, September 22, 1844. He died at Nashua, October 21, 1856, aged sixty-three years. He was a man of great energy of mind and character, but unfortunately pos- sessed of a feeble constitution. John Gove, D.C., was bis half-brother. Judge Gove, in private and public life, sustained the character of an upright, honorable man. Ever of = Bj- Hon. L. B. Clough. THE BENCH AND BAR. a slender constitution, yet his industry and energy led him to fill the various public offices with which he was honored with credit to himself and to the general acceptation of the public. He was equally firm in his friendship and in his enmity. Hon. Samuel H. Ayer,1 son of Dr. Aver, was born in Eastport, Me., in the year 1810. He gradu- ated at Bowdoin College in 1839, and afterwards com- menced the study of law in the office of Messrs. Pierce & Fowler, at Concord. He was admitted to prac- tice in Hillsborough County, and opened an office at Hillsborough in 1842. For five successive years he represented the town of Hillsborough, from 1845 to 1849, the last two years of this time being Speaker of the House of Representatives. In 1847 he was ap- pointed solicitor of the county of Hillsborough, and successfully performed the duties of said office until his death. He removed to Manchester in 1850, and opened an office in connection with B. F. Ayer. Although of the same name, he was not related by blood to B. F. Ayer. In 1852 he was one of the commission for revising the statutes of the State, and in connection with the late Governor Metcalf and Calvin Ainsworth, in June, 1853, submitted their compilation to the Legislature, known as the " Compiled Statutes." He was a pleas- ing and effective speaker, frank, generous and just, and wiin the esteem of all who knew him. Hon. S. H. Ayer died October 4, 1853, aged thirty-four years. Hon. George W. Morrison.2 — The family of Morrison was originally of Scotland, a branch of which emigrated to the north of Ireland about the middle of the fifteenth century, and settled in Lon- donderry. " Charter " Samuel, so called because he was one of the grantees of Londonderry, N. H., was among the first settlers of that town. He was there as early as 1721, and signed the petition for a charter. James Morrison, father of George W., was born in Londonderry, N. H., in 1781, and removed with his father, Samuel, grandson of Charter Samuel, to Fair- lee, Vt., about the year 1791. When quite young he was apprenticed to a carpenter and joiner, served his time faithfully, learned his trade and learned it well, and after his emancipation, followed the business in- dustriously for many years. With the proceeds of his labor he purchased a farm at Fairlee, to which, during the latter years of his life, he devoted his principal attention. Physically., he was a noble specimen of a man ; had a good figure, very strongly built, and weighed more than two hun- dred pounds. He possessed a well-balanced' mind, sound judgment and a vigorous understanding. He died in full strength at sixty, without an infirmity or even a grey hair upon him. In 1802 he married Martha Pelton, daughter of John Pelton, of Lyme, N. H. She was a lady of excellent understanding, 1 By Hon. L. B. Clough. ■ By David P. Per modest and retiring in her manners, managed her household with great discretion and good sense, and bestowed upon her family of nine children all the wealth of a mother's love. She died at Fairlee, July 14, 1870, aged eighty-seven years. Hon. George W. Morrison, the second son of James and Martha, was born in Fairlee, Vt., October 1.6, 1809, lived with his parents and worked on their home farm until the fall of 1830, when he entered i lie Academy of Thetford, and continued there a little more than four months, thus completing his academic course of study. He then entered the office of Judge Simeon Short, of Thetford, as a student-at-law, and read with him and Presburg West, Jr., in all about four years. But while he was pursuing his legal studies in the offices of Judge Short and Mr. West, he was accustomed to return to the farm and assist his father in haying and harvesting. Reaping was his special delight. No man within the circle of his acquaintance, either in Vermont or New Hampshire, could excel him in the use of the sickle. His father was a man of small means ; he had a large family to support ; money was scarce, and George, who was his chief dependence in carrying forward his farm-work, from a sense of filial duty, rendered him all the assist- ance in his power. At the same time he supported himself by teaching school during the winter months, and by hard labor at night in a saw-mill, in the spring of the year. Sawing logs commanded better wages than teaching in the village school. Mr. Morrison was an ambitious young man, am- bitious for success in all his laudable undertakings, and always took the advantage of every means in his power for improvement. By the laws of Vermont, when he was a student, a justice court was entitled to a jury panel of six. Before such a tribunal he often successfully appeared, even while he was a teacher in the common schools, in the defense of some unlucky yeoman. And so, while he was a teacher one winter in Western New York, he gained quite a reputation as a successful practitioner in the justice courts. Such were his preparations for the great duties and responsibilities of his professional and political life. His mental endowments were of a high order, among the most apparent of which were his keen perceptions and his self-reliance. As a student-at-law, in the practice of his profession, in his addresses to the jury or the court, on the hustings, in the State Legislature and in the halls of Congress his self-reliance never forsook him. At the June session of 1835 the Orange County Court was holden at Chelsea, and Mr. Morrison had the sole charge of Mr. West's extensive business, and tried without assistance every case, with one excep- tion. It was at this term he made application for examination, pursuant to admission. He had flatter- ing certificates from both gentlemen with whom he had read, but on their presentation objections were made by some of the young gentlemen of the bar, on HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. the ground that the applicant had not complied with the rule-, having read leas than five years. Judge Nutting, author of Nutting's Grammar, used exten- sively in the schools, an accomplished scholar and distinguished lawyer, replied that the young man had not asked for admission to the bar, but for examina- tion ; and as Mr. Morrison believed he possessed a sufficient knowledge of the law to. justify him in sub- mitting to an examination as to his qualifications, he thought that so reasonable a request ought to be granted. Judge Parker, of Bradford, thereupon moved that a committee of three be appointed for such examina- tion. The motion prevailed, and Judge Nutting, Judge Parker and Mr. Ordway were chosen. The committee held three sessions, of two hours each, and gave Mr. Morrison a most thorough and searching examination, which he passed triumph- antly, and on submitting their report to the bar, he was unanimously admitted. Before entering upon the practice of his profession lie traveled somewhat extensively in New York, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire and Maine, and on his way home from the latter State to Vermont, he Stopped awhile at Amoskeag Falls, in Manchester. Its immense water-power attracted his attention. In conversation with some of the leading citizens, he was informed that a company of Boston capitalists hail recently purchased large tracts of land upon both shies. if the river, with the view of building up ex- tensive manufacturing interests. He saw clearly a flourishing manufacturing town springing up in the immediate future, as by magic, holding out singular attract inns to a young and ambitious lawyer. Acting upon his own judgment, with reference to its capacity and business prospects, he decided to make Man- chester his permanent resilience and grow up with the town. It was in the summer of 183(5 that he took up his residence at Amoskeag, and opened an office in an old school-house, near the west end of McGreg- gor's bridge, the only bridge at that time across the Merrimack River within the present limits of Man- chester and about half-way between the two villages of Amoskeag and Piscataquog. At that time there were four lawyers at S<ptog(so called) of some distinc- tion, and two at Gotl'stown. One of these old lawyers, who had been in constant practice thirty years, often met Mr. Morrison in the justice courts, anil at first treated him with contumely and reproach, called him a beardless boy, who had received his education in the pastures of Vermont, and now presumed to prac- tice law in the courts of New Hampshire; but a few lessons of sarcasm, a weapon Mr. Morrison knew well how to use with terrible effect, silenced his antagonist, and ever after inspired him with the most profound respect. Mr. Morrison did what little business came in his way during the summer and fall, and in the winter taught the village school. The next spring people flocked in from all the surrounding country, the town was rapidly built up. and he removed his office from the old school-house to the east side of the river, and has continued to reside in and make Manchester his home till the present time. He was a constant at- tendant when the court was in session, whether he hail business or otherwise; this particularly attracted lie- attention of Hon. Mark Farley, who asked, " Why he was always in court'.'" "To cure the evils of a defei ii\e education," responded Mr. Morrison. On the 5th of November, 1838, he married Miss Maria L. Fitch, of Thetford, Vt., a lady of culture and refinement, daughter of the Hon. Lyman Pitch, for many years a county judge in Orange County, afterwards, and until his death, a prominent citizen of Lyme, N. H. Business now poured into his office, and he at once took a front rank among the ablest lawyers of the State at the New Hampshire bar. Early in the practice of his profession he was accustomed to meet as antagonists such men as Franklin Pierce, Charles ( i. Atherton, Samuel D. Bell, James U. Parker, Mark Farley, Daniel Clark and many others distinguished tbr their character and ability, and it can safely be said, "It is no disparagement to any of the eminent men whom he met at the bar in the different counties of the State, that, as a jury lawyer, he was one of the most successful practitioners in his time in the courts oi New Hampshire." Among the distinguished men of New Hampshire, Charles O. Atherton stood high, both as a lawyer and statesman. In 1850, at a term ofthe court for Hillsbor- ough County, holdcn at Manchester, an important case was tried before the jury, in which Mr. Morrison and Mr. Atherton were engaged as opposing counsel. The trial lasted several days. At last it was concluded ; the arguments were made and the case was submitted to the jury, after which Mr. Atherton invited the writer of this sketch to accompany him to his rooms. Now, Mr. Atherton was an exceedingly gifted con- versationalist. On reaching his chambers at the ho- tel, he asked, "What will be the verdict in this case? Which party, in your judgment, will be likely to win?" The response was, "I think the chances are in favor of Mr. Morrison." " 1 am inclined to the same opinion," was Mr. Atherton's reply, and then continued: "When Mr. Morrison commenced prac- tice at the Hillsborough bar I watched him closely, and at first entertained strong doubts as to his success in his profession. He commenced the practice of the law under three great disadvantages, — ill health, a de- fective education and poverty; but on my first ac- quaintance with him I particularly noticed his self- reliance. Nothing that occurred at the bar escaped his attention, for he was uniformly in attendance. Soon he commenced the trial of cases ; his examina- tion of witnesses was thorough and exhaustive, his perceptions were clear, his arguments logical and condensed, and he had the wonderful faculty to seize THE BENCH AND BAR. the strong points of his case, and so present them to the jury that he seldom failed to win the verdict. If he happened to make a mistake as to the rules of evi- dence, the law or its application, he was sure not to repeat it. 1 soon made up my mind that he was no common man, that he was bound to rise, and he did rise rapidly, not alone in my estimation, but in the estimation of the people of the county and of the State. And now he stands at the head of the bar. And I tell you in all sincerity that I have never met the man in our courts, in the House of Representatives, or in the Senate of the United States I more fear, or have greater cause to fear as an antagonist, than as such I fear to meet George W. Morrison." In the practice of his profession he was true to his client; especially was he the friend of the poor man, and. apparently, would work harder to win the case for his client when he had no reason to expect ade- quate compensation than for the rich client who was abundantly able and willing to pay liberally. Mr. Morrison, in the best sense, was a man of the people, — easy in his manners and simple in his tastes; unos- tentatious in bis intercourse with all, looked down upon no man, but treated everyone on terms of equal- ity; generous to a fault, ever ready to extend the helping hand to those who needed help. It is no wonder that such a man should at once build up and maintain a lucrative business, and become one of the most popular men in his profession. He had been accustomed to athletic sports from his boyhood, and when a young man took peculiar pleasure in a wrest- ling match, in which he often participated. To lay him upon his back required not only well-developed muscle, but generous practice and scientific knowledge. Hon. Moses Norris was a man of powerful physique, and in his prime weighed two hundred and twenty-five pounds, whi'eMr. Morrison scarcely ever exceeded one hundred and fifty. Though comparatively of slight figure, he was wiry and very elastic. They were warm personal and political friends, and in familiar conver- sation often addressed each other respectively by their given names. On the 4th of July, 1854, both gentlemen were at Washington, 1>. C, — Mr. Norris a United Stat. -s Sen- ator and Mr. Morrison a member of the House of Representatives. The Fourth was a holiday, and Congress was not in session. The writer was with them at his rooms on Capitol Hill ; no other person was present. The Senator, in course of conversation, hap- pened to speak of a certain occasion upon which he had exhibited his great strength, to the surprise of the bystanders. Mr. Morrison playfully replied, " Mosee, 1 could lay you out so easily that you wouldn't know how it was done." "Nonsense!" responded the Senator ; " why, George, I could throw you over my head without an effort." " More easily said than done," replied Mr. Morrison. Then, like two grown-up boys, they took each other at arms- length, and soon commenced to wrestle in good earn- est. Mr. Morrison, fully on his guard, waited and watched the chances for a certain inside lock, the advantages of which he well understood. By-and-by he had the Senator in the desired position, and in- stantly dropping upon the right knee, he laid Mr. Norris uiion his back without any apparent exertion. The Senator sprang to his feet, and said, " That was handsomely done, George. How in the world did you do it ? I did not believe there was a man in Washington who could throw ." Mr. Morrison was elected to the State Legislature, and served during the years of 1840, 1841, 1844, 1849 and 1850. He was one of the most active, useful and efficient members, and his influence was such tin' last years of his service that he usually carried the House with him on all the more important measures. He served one year as chairman of the committee on incorporations, and four years on the judiciary com- mitter, two of which be was chairman. In 1849 a hill was pending in the House for the incorporation of the city of Portsmouth. That provision in the each ward a town, for the •d a good degree id' interest hi the ground of its sup- It was well understood that clause ;n the charter was if Mr. Morrison, and that ipport in bis power. The charter which constitute! purpose of elections, exc and vigorous opposition, posed unconstitutional^;; this particular and uniqi drafted at the sii<_:lo isl em be would give it all the day when he was to speak upon the question was known beforehand, so that all who might take an in- terest in the measure and desired to hear the discus- sion could do so. The result was that many of the leading politicians of the State repaired to the Capital. A full delegation from Manchester, including agents of the corporations and other distinguished citizens, were present. The galleries were crowded, and many of the more favored found seats on the Hoor of the House. Mr. Christie, of Dover, one of the ablest lawyers in the State, having been selected by the opponents of the measure to reply to Mr. Morrison, took his seat, pen and paper in hand, near, and at the right of the Speaker's desk. At length Mr. Morrison arose, look- ing pale and feeble, for he had been quite ill all the session, but his mind was never clearer. As he went on with his argument with reference to the constitu- tionality of the bill, Mr. Christie at first took a few notes, then dropped his pen and listened attentively to the close of the argument. Mi. Morrison sat down ; tie Bouse was perfectly still; not a sound was heard ; all eyes were turned expectantly towards Mr. ('bristle. He did not arise. He declined to speak. The writer was assistant clerk of the House at that time, and asked another distinguished lawyer, a personal and political friend of Mr. Christie, why he declined to answer Mr. Morrison. His reply was, "Mr. Morrison's argument was unanswerable — he was clearly right. And Mr. Christie, upon being con- vinced thift he was right as to the constitutional 16 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. question, declined to reply." Though the charters of the cities of the State have frequently been amended, particularly the charter of the city of Manchester, that provision, constituting each ward a town for the purpose of elections, still remains. In 1845, Mr. Morrison was appointed solicitor of Hillsborough County, discharged the duties of the office nearly four years and resigned. He was a member of the House of Representative in the Thirty-first, and was re-elected and served in the Thirty-third Congress. Mr. Morrison's personal and political relations with President. Pierce had been for many years of the most intimate and confidential character, and as lie was regarded as one of the ablest members of the New Hampshire delegation, the Pres- ident, whose Congressional district he represented, expressed the desire that he support the Kansas-Ne- braska Bill, which he had made one of the leading measures of his administration. He knew very well he could rely upon Mr. Morrison to support every measure of his administration which he deemed would be consistent with his constitutional obligations and for the promotion of the best interests of his country. In a personal interview with the President, Mr. Mor- rison told him his present convictions were against the bill, particularly that clause in it repealing the Missouri Compromise ; that he would make a careful examination of the measure, and would support it if, in his judgment, the interests of the country would demand its becoming a law. He did examine the bill, and examined it thoroughly, after which he in- formed the President that he regarded it as a most dangerous measure, fraught with evils, which, should ii become a law, would lead to the most disastrous re- sults, and, painful as it was to him to differ with the administration upon one of its leading measures, still he must oppose it with all the energies of his mind. Among the reasons assigned at this interview as the ground of his opposition to the measure were that tie- slavery question had but recently been settled by the compromise measures of 1850, and to reopen the subject now, would, in his judgment, be a most dan- gerous experiment, would be disastrous to the Demo- cratic party and to the best interests of the North, and, in his belief, would endanger the perpetuity of the republic itself. In his speech, made a few weeks after this inter- view with the President, Mr. Morrison said,— "On a great question like this— one which will seriously affect the free laborers of the North, will determine the institutions of a vast ter- ritory; one fraught with fearful el.-ineiitsofaisn.nl, which ultimately may endanger the perpetuity of the Union itself— I can follow but one guidl thi convictions of my ownjudgne nt I regret that the friends of this bill had not read and well considered the patriotic denunciation by .letters.. n, with reference to sectional parties, before they sprang this question upon Congress and the country. This is the firsl ittempl in our political history to repeal a great compromise of conflicting interests and opinions between the different sections of the country. This meas- ure contains mere elements i.f .lander and sectional discord than any po- liti. al question of the age. If this bill should I.e. ..m.< a law, I fear the spirit of concession and compromise will have passed awa\ 1,. lever. The Union has, in the judgment of intelligent and patriotic statesmen, been twice preserved trum dissolution by concession aud compromise. When similar questions again arise, as come they may and will, 1 ask, Can other compromises be made if this is stricken down ? if this shall not he sacredly kept and faithfully abided by ? Sir, any man conversant with the prejudices which are enlisted and the obstacles to be overcome in the accomplishment of such compromises must feel aud know the danger; and here let me say, if this Union shall ever be dissolved, history will' surely point to this as the first stride, the entering wedge which led to dissolution and all its fearful consequences. I haw neither time nor in- clination to pursue this thought further. All can .-,■.• th. daiv-er all must feel it." In this great speech he took the ground distinctly that slavery could not for any considerable length of time be forced upon the people of that Territory ; and from the above extracts copied from that speech it appears that he clearly foresaw, should that bill become a law, all harmony between the different sec- tions of the Union would be destroyed, and ultimately result in civil war. Colonel Thomas H. Benton, of Missouri, who had served thirty consecutive years in the Semite of the United States, and had been elected to the House from the St. Louis District to serve as their Repre- sentative in the Thirty-third Congress, was an atten- tive listener during the delivery of this speech, and after its close, remarked to a gentleman who sat near him, "That, is a true man sir; a smart man ; a man of brains, sir." He then went forward, took Mr. Morrison cordially by the hand, and congratulated him in the most sincere and friendly manner. Sev- eral days after, the writer of this sketch, called on Colonel Benton at his house, and listened to his con- versation with reference to the excitement over this question which prevailed throughout the North, when he said that " Mr. Morrison's speech on the Kansas- Nebraska Bill was the ablest speech delivered on that question during this excited and protracted debate." Years afterwards, when the whole country was con- vulsed by the great civil war, the Hon. Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of the United States Treasury under the lamented President Lincoln, and subse- quently chief justice of the United States Supreme Court, speaking of Mr. Morrison, said, "He was a man of ability and incorruptible honesty. That his course in Congress on the Kansas-Nebraska Bill had made a most favorable and lasting impression upon his mind." But his crowning success in life was that of an ad- vocate, and as such he will be chiefly remembered. In this respect he was endowed with rare gifts, and has had but few equals and no superiors at the New Hampshire bar. He prepared his eases with great care, frequently after the adjournment of the court; would study the evidence far into the night, prepara- tory to his argument in the morning, when men of less nerve would have considered themselves tit sub- jects for medical treatment. He studied the panel as though it had been an open book, and acquainted himself with the peculiarities of each juror. He was apt to seize the salient points in his cause as they THE BENCH AND BAR. 17 presented themselves to the jury, and to study the effect of the evidence as the cause progressed. II. ■ watched the effect upon each juror with great '-arc as the argument proceeded, and could tell with singular accuracy whether he carried his hearer along with him. When he discovered a leaning against him on the part of any doubting juror, he adapted himself tn the views of that juror, with arguments so con- vincing, in a manner of such candor, sincerity and truthfulness, and with an influence so mesmeric that he was quite sure to win him over before he closed. Hi hi. Lewis VV. < lark, associate justice of the Supreme Conn, formerly a law-partner with Mr. Morrison, said of him, in a recent conversation. — "He was the coolest man under fire I have ever Been in court. The most damaging ;■ -■ ■ ■ ■ ' ■ ■ ■. i ' : < 1 1 • ■ . ■ - so tar as the jury could observe, produced no im- pression on his mind; and he exercised wonderful judgment in handling a dangerous witness. He knew when and whore to leave a witness better than any man I ever saw in the trial of causes before a jury." Samuel Dana Bell was born in Francestown, N. H., October 9, 1798. His father was the Hon. Samuel Bell, LL.D., a judge of the Supreme Court, four years Governor of New Hampshire, and twelve years a Senator of the United States, llis mother was a daughter of the Hon. Samuel Dana, of Antrim. N. H. He manifested at an early age the love of study which distinguished him through life. He entered Harvard College in bis fourteenth year, and was graduated in the class of 1816. lie then com- menced the study of the law in the otlice of the Hon. George Sullvan, of Exeter, and was admitted to the bar of the county of Rockingham early in the year 1820, He commenced practice in Mer- edith, where he remained a few months, and then established himself at Chester, then a town of some note and the home of several gentlemen of cultiva- tion, taste and distinction. Entering into practice there, he soon acquired the reputation of being a sagacious, learned and trustworthy lawyer. In 1S23 he was appointed solirhor of Rockingham County; in 1825 and L826 was a member of the Legislature; in 1827 and 1828 was clerk of the House of Repre- sentatives. Mr. Bell remained in Chester ten years, and then removed to Exeter, and for some years was cashier of the Exeter Bank. In 1836 lie removed to Concord, and in 1839 to Manchester. In 1846 be was police judge of Manchester, and two years later was appointed circuit judge of the Court of Common Rica-. In 1849 he was appointed a judge of the Superior Court, and in 1859 was chosen chief justice, which position be occupied until his resignation, in 1864. Judge Bell possessed rare personal qualifications for a position upon the bench. Dignified in appearance and bearing, he was distinguished tor patience and courtesy. He had all au honorable man's aversion and the lower arts of the profe.-sion. He used his position and authority to promote uo par- tisan or partial purposes. The duties of his position wen- always properly discharged, lie was a man of very decided opinions. The purity of Judge I '.ell's public and private life deserves to be mentioned to his honor. The ermine which he wore was unsullied indeed; uo shade of wrong oi' dishonor ever fell uponhisname. When he eame to Manchester, the [present metropolis of t heState was a mere village, with its future all undetermined. Judge Bell entered with interest into every movement for the [prospective welfare of the town. Among the pnhlii enterprises which he was greatly instrumental in establishing was that of the City Library, which, in spite of all drawbacks, is to-day extensive, valuable and incalculably useful to the people. He was also an early member of the New Hampshire Historical Society, and for years held its principal offices. He died in Manchester July 21, L868. Daniel Clark,1 the third child of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Wiggin) Clark, was born in Stratham, Rockingham County, N. II., October 24, 1809. His father was both farmer and blacksmith. He was re- spected by all who knew him for his integrity, lie was industrious, frugal, temperate, kind and obliging. His mother was strong-minded, devoted to her family and \er\ religious. She was not indifferent to the good opinion of others, and was ambitious for the success of her family, and especially of her children. They lived upon a beautiful farm, in the upper part of the town, near the historic town of Exeter. The subject of this sketch remained at home under the can1 and nurture of his excellent parents until he was thirteen years of age, going to the common district school in summer and winter, or so much of I hi time as it was kept, and a — i.-ting about the ordinary farm- work in vacation. He learned at school easily, and was more fond of his books than of work upon the farm, \t the age of thirteen he was sent with his older brother to the academj in Hampton, N. II.. and put upon the common English studies. lie did not then expect to acquire a more liberal education, al- though his mother bad some undefined notions of a higher course of studies for her son. He continued at Hampton at intervals, there a term and at home a term, helping upon the farm, some four years or more, when be determined to go to college. He pursued his preparatory studies at Hampton, teaching si lino! two winters, and at twenty was prepared for college. He entered Dartmouth College, graduating, in ls:tl. with the first honors of the institution. Rev. Dr. Lord, the president of the college, was then in the prime of his life. Although he had presided over the college but a few years, he had already secured the confidence of its friends, so justly merited, as subse- quently shown by his successful administration of the By Isaac W. Smith. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. affairs of the college for more than a third of acentury. A lining Mr. Clark's classmates were Albert Baker, who entered upon the practice of the law at Hillsborough, N, II., and died at the age of thirty-one, his untimely death extinguishing hopes which his short but bril- liant career had caused his many friends to entertain of his future usefulness; Hon. M ly Currier, LL.D., of Manchester, Governor of New Hampshire; Hon. Richard B. Kimball, LL.D.. of New York City, lawyer, scholar and author; Rev. Edward A. Lawrence, 1>.I>., Marblehead, Mass.; Rev. Newton E. Marble, D.D., Newton, Conn. ; and Professor Alphonso Wood, presi- dent of Ohio Female < lollege. Mr. Clark taught school winters during his college course and while pursuing his professional studies, eight winters in all, including the two years before entering college, defraying, in part, the expenses of his education with the funds re- ceived from teaching. Immediately after graduation he entered the office of Hon. George Sullivan, then the attorney-general of the State, son of General John Sullivan, of Revolutionary fame, at Exeter, and com- menced the study of the law, remaining with Mr. Sullivan a year and a half. He completed his legal studies in the office of Hon. James Bell, afterwards United States Senator, at Exeter, and was admitted to the bar of Rockingham County in 1S37. In the same year he opened an office at Epping, where he remained some eighteen months, and then, in 1839, removed to Manchester, N. II. This thriving city was then just rising from the ground. Not a mill was running, the canal even being unfinished. The only railroad then constructed in the State was the Nashua and Lowell. The telegraph and the telephone had not then been invented. The lumbering stage was the only means of public travel. The rates of postage were high and the mails slow and few. The embryo city was hardly more than a desolate sand-bank, where a lew hundred people had gathered, allured by the prospect of business about to spring up with the im- provement of the water-power at Amoskeag Calls. .Mr. Clark was among the fust to open :i law-office here. He soon acquired an active practice, which afterwards grew to large proportions, ami for twenty years he was employed upon one side or the other of nearly every important trial in the county, attending the courts also in Merrimack and Rockingham Coun- ties. He was employed on behalf of the State in the preliminary examination in the "Parker murder trial," being occupied almost continuously foraperiod of nearly two months. He succeeded in procuring the extradition from Maine of the supposi d murderers after a lengthy trial in that State, and altera hearing, lasting nearly a month, before the Police Court of Manchester, procured their commitment to answer for the crime of murder. Opposed to him as counsel were Genera] Franklin Pierce (afterwards President of the United States), General P. F. Butler, Hon. Josiah G. Abbott and the late Charles 1 1. Atherton, — an array of legal talent seldom seen in this State Mr. Clark was employed for the defense in two capital trials in the fall of 1854,— Curtis' and Marshall's. Marshall was acquitted, and in the case of Curtis the jury disagreed. During the period of his active practice the bar of Hillsborough County was unusually strong. Among its prominent members were Benjamin M. Farley, of Hollis; James U. Parker, of Merrimack; George Y. Sawyer and Charles G. Atherton, of Nashua ; Samuel II. Ayer, of Hillsborough; and Samuel D. Bell and I reorge W. .Morrison, of Manchester. General Pierce, of the Merrimack bar, also generally attended the courts in Hillsborough County. Of these eminent lawyers, Mr. Morrison is the only survivor. General Pierce, as a jury lawyer, had no superior in the State. He hail a very pleasing address, was dignified without being reserved, and possessed a magnetic influence over men, which rendered him a formidable antagonist before jurors. Put, in many respects, Mr. Atherton stood at the head of the Hillsborough bar as a lawyer and advocate. He was a man of scholarly attainments, possessed a graceful diction, had a good command ot language, knew how and when to use sarcasm, could appeal effectively to the passions and prejudices, was thoroughly read in the law and was perfectly at home in the court-room. With these and other able lawyers Mr. Clark spent the most of his active professional life, and he was recognized as their peer. His prac- tice was as varied as it was extensive. Whatever he undertook was thoroughly done. He was loyal to the court, faithful to his clients, courteous to opposing counsel and kind and magnanimous to the younger members of the profession. In his arguments to the jury he was never wearisome. He seized upon the weak points of the other side and the strong points of his own side and made them prominent to the jury. He wasted no time on immaterial matters. While he did not possess the personal magnetism of Pierce or Atherton's power of sarcasm, he could put before a court or jury his case with convincing power and in it- Btrongesl light, and if success did not always attend his efforts, it was not because he failed to present all the favorable views of his case. Legal papers drafted by him were models of accuracy and clearness. They were also remarkable for their brevity, all useless verbiage being avoided. In his writs the cause of action was briefly and clearly sot out, and it was rare that he had occasion to apply for an amendment. His clients became his fast friends. His charges were lerate, and no client went away feeling that undue advantage had been taken of his position or that his interests had not been fully protected. It is unfortunate, perhaps, for his legal reputation that Mr. (.'lark was drawn into polities. But it was his fortune to live in times when questions of great public iutere-t were being di>eu>sed and settled, and it was inevitable that a person of bis ability, education and temperament should not entertain pronounced views on public questions. In the early part of his professional life there was a difference of opinion as jUPtk**/' THK BENCH AND BAR. in tin wisdom of encouraging the extension of manu- facturing and railroad operations in the Statu, and unfortunately the question got into politics, and the two parties took opposite sides. With the acquisition of California came the question of the extension or restriction of slavery, the repeal of the Missouri Com- promise, the civil war, the abolition of slavery and the reconstruction measures after the close of the war. As a rule, the lawyers of New Hampshire have very generally taken an active interest in political ques- tions. Thus circumstanced, it was hardly possible for Mr. Clark not to have some inclination towards politi cal life. In 1842 he was elected one of the repre- sentatives from the town of Manchester to the Legis- lature, and was re-elected in 1843, and again elected in 1846. In 1854, after the adoption of the city charter, he was elected representative from his ward, and re-elected in 1855. In 1849, 1850 and 1851 he was a candidate for the State Senate, but his party being in the minority in the district, he failed of an election. He acted with the Whig party until its dissolution, when he helped to form the Republican party, with which he has since been identified. He was often upon the stump during the campaigns pre- ceding the elections in 1854 and 1855, speaking in every portion of the State, from the sea to the moun- tains. He also took part in the election contests during the decade which immediately followed. Party feel- ing ran high, the contests often being exceedingly- bitter. No speaker was received with greater enthu- siasm or addressed larger audiences. It was largely owing to his labors at the hustings that a change in the political sentiment of the State was brought about. In 1856 he was a member of the National Republican Convention, and in November of that year was elected one of the Presidential electors in New Hampshire, and voted for Fremont and Dayton tor President and Vice-President. In 1855 the Legislature was called upon to elect two United States Senators. For the first time in a quarter of a century, with a single exception, the Democratic party was in a minority. The opposition was composed of the Whig party, then on the point of dissolving, the American party, commonly known as the Know-Nothing party, and the Free-Soil party. These elements, a year later, were fused in tin- Repub- lican party. By common consent, Hon. John P. Hale was nominated for the short term, ami the contest for the long term was between Mr. Clark and the Hon. James Bell. In the Senatorial caucus the latter was nominated and subsequently elected by the Legis- lature. The contest, although warm, was a friendly one, so that when, two years later, in 1857, the Legis- lature was called to fill the vacancy in the office occa- sioned by the death of Senator Bell, in obedience to the common wishes of their constituents, the Repub- lican members nominated and the Legislature elected Mr. Clark. Upon the expiration of his term he was re-elected in 18li0 with little opposition. The ten years spent by Senator Clark in ( 'ongress constituted the most eventful period in the history of the repub- lic. He witnessed the rise, progress and overthrow of the Rebellion. This is not the time nor place to review his Congressional life. < >ue will l< i .i ■ 1 i 1 1 1 j ■ — ■ ■ of his position upon the slavery question on page 268, volume i., of Mr. Blaine's "Twenty Years of Congress." He served upon some of the most import- ant committees, and was chairman of the committee on claims, and, during portions of two sessions, presi- dent pro U mpore of the Senate in the absence of Vice- President Hamlin. He was a firm supporter of the various war measures adopted for the suppression of the Rebellion, and had the confidence of President Lincoln and Secretary Stanton. He failed of a re- election in 1866, as his colleague, Senator Hale, had done two years before, not from any lack of apprecia- tion of the invaluable services they had rendered the country, nor of the honor they had conferred upon the State by their course in Congress, but because the rule of rotation in office had become so thoroughly ingrafted in the practice of the Republican party in the State that a departure from it was not deemed wise, even in the persons of these eminent states- In the summer of 1866 a vacancy occurred in the office of district judge of the United States District Court for the district of New Hampshire, and Senator Clark was nominated for the posit ion by President John- son, and unanimously confirmed by the Senate. He thereupon resigned his seat in the Senate and entered upon the discharge of his judicial duties. The wisdom of his selection has been justified by his career upon the bench. The office of the district judge does not afford such opportunity for public distinction as the bench of some other courts, the jurisdiction of the court being limited principally to cases arising under the constitution and laws of the United States. New Hampshire, from its size, location and business rela- tions, furnishes only a small amount of business for the Federal courts, and not much of that generally of public interest. In addition to holding his ou n court, Judge Clark has frequently been called to hold the Federal courts in other States in the First Circuit. He has brought to the discharge of his judicial duties the same learning, industry and interest that charac- terized his labors at the bar and in the Senate, JIN decisions have commended themselves to the profes- sion for their soundness and fairness. Judge Clark, apparently indifferent to the preservation of his opinions, has neglected to put them in shape for publication in the reports of the First Circuit, to the regret of his professional friends and admirers. He has now (1885) been upon the bench nineteen \ ears. He was entitled, under a law of Congress, to retire in 1879, upon the salary for the rest of his life. But he has preferred to earn his salary, and "to wear out rather than rust out." With his physical strength but slightly impaired, his mind as vigorous as in the 20 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE years ofhis full manhood, he, at the age ofsevcnty-hve, gives promise of many years of future usefulness. In 1876 he was a member and president of the con- vention called to revise the constitution of New Hampshire. Judge ('lark, in 1850, formed a copartnership with ; David in the practice of the law, which \n« di — 'ihnlby reason ot the ill health ofth 1856. In December, ls:>i;, he entered into copartner- ship with Isaac W. Smith, now upon the Supreme bench of New Hampshire, who read law with him in 1848-50. Their firm wasdissolved in December, 1861, at which time his practice of the law may be said to have substantially ceased. So much of his time was absorbed with Congressional duties, and other public duties between sessions, growing out of the disturb- ances caused by the civil war, that he had but little time or inclination to follow the courts or attend to the calls of clients in the office. Judge Clark has been fully identified with the growth and history of Manchester. He has taken great interest in its material prosperity, and has merited and received the confidence of its inhabitants. Besides representing the town and city five years in the Legislature, he has held various offices of trust, viz.: member of the School Hoard, chief engineer of the Fire Department, trustee of the City Library, city solicitor, trustee and president of the Manchester Savings-Bank, director of the Amoskeag Manufac- turing Company aud trustee of the State Industrial School. No citizen of Manchester, with possibly the exception of the late Governor Straw, has exerted so much influence for its growth and prosperity as he. Ashe looks to-day upon this beautiful city of fortj thousand people, and their busy mills, well-paved streets, shady sidewalks, fruitful gardens and peace- ful homes, he, if any one, may repeat the words of the Roman poet, " Quorum niuijnii imr.- j'ui." Judge Clark has not failed to take a deep interest in his Alma Mater, which, in I860, honored herself, as well as him, by conferring upon him thi LL.D. In 1861, upon the invitation of the City Councils of Manchester, he delivered a eulogy Upon the life of President Lincoln, and in 1880, upon the invitation of the alumni of Dartmouth College, eulogy upon the life of Judge George F. Shepley, before that association, both of which were subse- quently published. In 1869, on the occasion of the centennial anniversary of the founding of the college, he delivered an address before the alumni at the invitation of the trustees, A copy was requested fot publication, which, unfortunately, was withheld too late for it to appear with the other published pro- ceedings of that occasion. Judge Clark has contributed liberally to the sup- port of preaching, worshiping with the Unitarians. His views correspond with those of Rev. Dr. A. P. Pea- body, of Cambridge, Mass.. or with the views of what maybe called the Orthodox Unitarians. He has no sympathy with the doctrines of the ultra portion of that denomination. In more recent years he has worshiped at the franklin Street Congregational Church (Orthodox), Rev. Dr. George B. Spaulding, pastor. Judge Clark has been twice married, — the tirsi time, in 1 840, to Hannah W. Robbins, w ho died in October, L844, leaving no children ; the second time, to Anne V 3al ei in 1846, who is still living. He has had four children, — three sons anil one daughter. The two oldest are li sing, engaged in the practice of the law in Manchester. One son died in infancy, and the daughter when between two and three years of age. Hon. William C. Clarke.1— Among the public men of New Hampshire who have lately passed away, none was more widely known in the State, or more sincerely respected, than Hon. William Cogswell Clarke, of Manchester. He was born in Atkinson, N. H., December 10, 1810, being the eldest sou of Greenleaf and Julia (Cogswell) Clarke. His father was a farmer and master-mason, the constructor of many tine business buildings in the neighboring town of Haverhill. Mass., and a highly-esteemed citizen of Atkinson, where he served as selectman andjusl lee of i he peace. He was descended from Nathaniel Clarke, a merchant of Newbury, Mass., who died in 1690, and from Captain Edmund Greenleaf, of that place, an officer of repute in the wars of the early colonists with the Indians. The wife of Greenleaf Clarke was a daughter of Dr. William Cogswell, of Atkinson, who was a surgeon in the Revolutionary army, and at one time chief of the Military Hospital at West Point. William C. Clarke pursued his early studies at At- kinson Academy, of which his maternal grandfather was one of the founders, and then entered Dart- mouth College at the age of eighteen years. He was graduated with high honors in the class of 1832, which included Professors Noyes and Sanborn, of Dartmouth, and the late Samuel H. Taylor, LL.D., the noted instructor at Andover, Mass. Immediately becoming principal of Gilmanton Academy, he held the position for one year, while beginning the study of law. He continued his legal studies in the Har- vard Law School, in the otliee of Stephen Moody, at Gilmanton, and in that of Stephen ( '. Lyford, at Meredith Bridge (now Laconia), N. H. On his ad- mission to the bar, in 1836, he began practice in the latter town, and on the creation of Belknap County, at the i lose of 1840, he was appointed county solici- tor. He held this position until the spring of 1844, removed to Manchester, and continued the practice of his profession. Two years later he was one of a committee of si ven chosen 1>\ the town to petition the Legislature for a city charter, and at the firsl city election, in August, 1846, was the Democratic candidate for mayor. There being two other candi- i l'i . in clmke's "Su"'e^lul Vu Hampshire Men." THE BENCH AND BAR. 21 dates, there was no choice, and he withdrew his name before the second ballot, in September. In the same year, however, he consented to act as chief engineer of the Fire Department of the young city, and he re- tained this position till the close of 1848, having a number of leading citizens as his assistants. In 1849 he was elected to theofficeof city solicitor, which he held for two years, and in 1850 he served as a member of the State I .institutional Convention. Appointed the judge of Probate for Hillsborough County in 1851, he obtained the judicial title which clung to him thereafter. In 1854 he was again the Democratic candidate for mayor, but the Whig ticket was successful. A year later Judge Clarke was ten- dered, by Governor Metcalf, an appointment to the bench of tin' Supreme Court, but he declined the posi- tion. As judge of Probate he discharged his duties with high public approval, but his removal from this office, in 1856, was included in the sweeping political changes which began in 1855. In 1858 he served as a member of the Manchester Hoard of Aldermen. Soon after the death of the Hon. John Sullivan he was appointed, in 1863, to succeed him as attorney- general of the State, and, receiving a reappointment in 1868, he continued to fill the otfice until his death, in 1872. From the time of his admission to the bar until he became the chief prosecuting officer of the State, Judge Clarke was actively engaged in private legal practice. He early acquired the reputation of a sound and aide lawyer, and obtained an extensive clientage. As attorney-general he was highly successful in the performance of his duties, to which he devoted him- self with conscientious faithfulness. Recognizing the semi-judicial character of his office, he did not allow the zeal of the advocate to outweigh more important considerations, and, in cases where a minor offense had been committed for the first time, he frequently caused indictments to be suspended so as to give the culprit both a chance and a stimulus to reform. Hardened or flagrant criminals he pursued with the rigor de- manded by the interests of justice, leaving no stone unturned in his efforts to secure their conviction. He drew all his indictments with the greatest care, and ii i> said that no one ofthenumber wasever set aside. He took equal pains with the preparation of evidence and of his arguments in all importanl causes. These case- include a number of murder trials, which at- tracted wide attention when in progress, and which afforded marked proof of his legal skill. Hissenseof duty being above all other considerations, he was un- moved by all attempts to affect his official course by private appeals or by any species of personal influ- ence. Judge Clarke had a marked distaste for ordinary politics and the arts of the politician. On the few occasions when he consented to be a candidate for an elective office he did not seek the nomination, but ac- cepted it at the request of his friends. Firmly believ- ing, however, in the original principles of the Demo- cratic party, he often gave his voice and pen to their support, and was long a pr inent membei of thai party in New Hampshire, When the Rebellion broke out he did not hesitate a moment in regard to his po- litical course, but was among the foremost of those who urged all citizens to sink minor party differences and rally to sustain the imperiled government. 1 Hir- ing Ibis crisis he was active in calling and addressing many public meetings, which pledged aid to the most vigorous measures for the defense of the Union. At tie- great war mass-meet ing held in Concord, N. II., on the 17th of June, 1863, — which was attended by thirty thousand people, from all parts of the Slate, and was addressed by men of national eminence, in- cluding a member of President Lincoln's Cabinet- Judge Clarke called the assembly t dcr, and read the call, after which he was chosen first vice-president. Being dissatisfied with the attitude toward the war assumed by many of the leaders of the Democratic party, lie was largely instrumental in organizing the zealous War Democrats of the State into a third, or " Union," party, which nominated a separate ticket for State officers in 1862 and 1863. This organization was not maintained alter the latter year, and Judge Clarke thenceforward voted with the Republican party; but after the early years of the war he re- frained from any active participation in politics, v\ hich he regarded as inconsistent with the nature of his du- ties as attorney-general. He was one of tin' original directors of the Man- chester Bank, serving from 1845 till 1840, and of the City Bank, with which he was connected from 1853 till 1863. He was also a trustee of the Manchester Savings- Bank from 1852 until his death. For many yens he was a trustee of the Manchester Atln naaim, and when this was succeeded by the City Library, in 1854, lie was chosen a member and clerk of the board of trustees of the latter institution, retaining both positions during the rest id' his lit'e. He was the first treasurer of the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad Company, holding that office from July 31, 1847, till his resignation took effect, February 8, 1849; and he was the clerk of that company from February 28, 1854, until he died, being also its attorney when en- gaged in private legal practice. He was a trustee of Gilmanton Academy, and in 1854 was a member of the national board of visitors to the United States Military Academy at West Point. Judge Clarke was one of the earliest members of the Franklin Street Congregational Church in Manches- ter, and one of the original officers of the society, to both of which he rendered valuable service. S nue mention of his personal appearance should noi In lilted, as he was a man of unusually distin- guished presence, having a large, finely-proportioned figure, with a handsome, dignified head and lace. Without undue formality, his manners were invaria- bly courteous and refined. With excellent literary HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. tastes, he possessed much general information, and was very attractive in conversation. Though rigid in bis sense of righl and wrong, he was eminently chari- table in his views of others, having a broad tolerance of opinions which differed from his own. His dispo- sition was genial and bis kindness of heart unfailing. He was married, in 1834, to Anna .Maria Greeley, only daughter of the late Stephen L. Greeley. Esq., of < iilmanion, \. II. His wife survives him, with four children, — Stephen Greeley, Anna Norton, Julia Cogswell and ( Ireenleaf. The death of Judge Clarke occurred at his home in Manchester on April 25, 1872, and was tin- cause of widespread sorrow. At his funeral there was a large attendance of prominent citizens from many parts of the State. Resolutions of regret and eulogy were adopted by the city bar, the Hillsborough County bar. the Manchester Common Council and various other bodies with which he had been connected. In the resolutions of the Common Council he was spoken of as "one who, as a former member of the city govern- ment, and its legal public adviser, served it with marked fidelity and ability, and who, by his many virtues, had won the confidence and esteem of his fellow-citizens." His associates of the Manchester bar declared that "hi' was a faithful officer, a wise counselor, a respected citizen and a Christian gentle- man. He was courteous in manner, efficient in duty. upright in character and an ornament to his profes- sion." In the resolutions adopted by the bar of Hills- borough County, anil entered upon the records of the Supreme Court, Judge Clarke was described as "a pub- lic officer faithful and upright, discharging his official duties with signal ability; a lawyer of large expe- rience in his profession, of well-balanced judgment and discretion, well read in the principles of the law, and faithful alike to the court and his client; a citi- zen patriotic and public-spirited; in his private rela- tions, a gentleman of unblemished reputation, distin- guished for his high-toned character, affable manners and uniform courtesy ; and illustrating in his public and private life tin' character of a < 'hristian gentleman, governed by the principles which he was not ashamed to profess." Clinton Warringtoh Stani.f.y.1— - The subject of this sketch was born in Hopkinton, N. H., Decem- ber 5, 1830. He was the eldest of four children, having one sister, Helen Isabel Scribner (deceased March, 1865), ami two brothers, Edward W. Stanley, of Hopkinton, and Benton M. Stanley, of New London. His father, Horace C. Stanley, still living at Hop- kinton, is a farmer of moderate means, but of frugal and industrious habits, which are often a surer guar- anty of the comforts of life than greater riches. He is a sturdy, honest man, of well-balanced character, and has always enjoyed the respect and confidence of his community. I'.y Hon. Joseph W. Fellows Hi. moth r. Mary Ann (Kimball) Stanley, was a noble and intelligent woman, highly appreciative of the value of learning, earnestly and devotedly at- tached to the interests of her family and friends, and an ardent worker for the good of society. It was largely due to her energy and encouragement that her s,,n was enabled to acquire his collegiate and professional education. She commenced his instruction at home, ami at the age of three years placed him in the district school, where he made good progress and showed signs of those properties of mind which marked his course in later life. When about eleven year- old he entered Hopkin- ton Academy, where he remained until his prepara- tory education was completed, and at the age of fourteen was admitted to Dartmouth College. He was the youngest member of his class, and one of the youngest who ever completed tlie course of Stud) iu that institution. He graduated in 1849, and immediately began the study of law in the office of Hon. H. E. Perkins, in Hopkinton. During the fol- lowing winter he taught school in that town; and, although it was a difficult school to manage, and he young and without experience, still he completed the term with remarkable success and gave entire satis- faction. He continued to study with Judge Perkins until April, 1851, during which time he had the entire chargi of the post-office at Contoocook and conducted its business in the name of his instructor, who was postmaster during the administration of President Pierce. He then came to Manchester, and entered the office of Hon. George W. Morrison, where he continued the study of law until his admission to the bar in the Supreme Court in Hillsborough County, August 12, 1852. During this time he taught school in Acton, Mass., two terms (winter of 1850-51 and 1851-52), where he met with good success. One of his pupils, now a prominent business man in that vicinity, says: "Mr. Stanley was the most successful teacher we ever had during my school-days. He was able to impart knowledge in a plain, intelli- gent manner, which even the dullest could under- stand ; and his instruction was impressed upon the minds of his scholars in a forcible way which enabled them to remember it with great distinctness. He is still remembered by the people here with much re- spect." While pursuing his legal studies he displayed the practical ability and industry of his character. Judge Perkins says: "He was quick to see just what should be done, and always did it without being told." Mr. Morrison says: "He was one of the best stu- dents I ever had. Without interfering with his stu- dies, he very soon became familiar with the practice sufficiently to do the ordinary business of our office with remarkable facility and accuracy." The office of Mr. Morrison afforded a rare onpor- ^Ca ( THE BENCH AND BAR tunity for law-students. A great volume of business was being transacted, and probably do other place in the State had such advantages tor learning the prac- tice, and few lawyers could have been found as well qualified to impart instruction or convey to the stu- dent the subtle and intricate lessons of the advocate and jurist, and il is easy to see how a man possessed of the ability and genius of Judge Stanley became so thorough a practitioner even while a student. Immediately after being admitted to the bar lie returned to Hopkinton, and remained at bis borne until April, 1853. It was during Ibis time that the decease of his mother occurred. lie returned to Manchester, and became associated with Mr. Morri- son and John L. Fitch, Esq., under the firm-name of Morrison, Fitch & Stanley. That copartnership continued until November, 1857. Dining its exist- ence the health of Mr. Fitch gradually became im- paired. In those days the Hillsborough bar con- tained some of the ablest lawyers in the State, li was a period of extensive litigation. Morrison, Fitch & Stanley were engaged in most of the important cases, and their practice extended largely into other counties. The preparation of causes for trial and the care and burden of the office-work devolved upon the junior member. It was a kind of labor which be enjoyed and for which be was well lifted, ami be pursued it with zeal and assiduity. He was faithful and painstaking in the extreme in the investigation id' complicated mat- ters of fact, ami bis judgment in the application of legal principles was sound and comprehensive, 'flic close scrutiny with which he examined every cir- cumstance, ami watchful c are with which be gathered up all the details of business, gave him uncommon readiness and great advantages of an executive char- acter, and combined to make him one of the most successful practitioners id' bis time. In February, 185(3, Patten's Block, where their oli'hc was located, was burned, and nearly all of the library and other books, together with many valuable papers of the linn, were destroyed. In November, 1857, Mr. Fitch withdrew from the firm and the business was continued in the name of Morrison & Stanley, but with no material change in its character. In 1858, Judge Stanley was appointed by the United States Circuit Court a commissioner of that court, which position he held until he was made a member of the Circuit Court of New Hampshire. In April. 1860, Hon. Lewis W. Clark became associated with them, under the style of Morrison, Stanlej & Clark, which continued over six years. The prominence of this firm is widely known. Mr. Clark brought to it his rare combination of ability as an advocate and a lawyer, ami, although the junior, he fairly divided the honors with the other members of the firm. They bad the largest docket in the State and were justly entitled to a front rank in the profession. The natural result of their situation, however, was to more than proportionally increase the responsibility and the labor of Judge Stanley. He carried more burden of solid professional work during those years than any other man in the State, and, in the belief of many of bis brethren, Ids work would have com- pared favorably with thai of any member of the profession in the country. In December, 1866, Mr. Clark retired, and the former style of Morrison .\ Stanley was ado'. led, which continued until 1872. Early in that year Mr. Frank lliland was associated with them, and they continued their business in the name of Morrison, Stanley & Hiland. The firm of Morrison & Stanley was the oldest law partnership in the State at the time Mr. lliland became a member. They continued together until the Superior and Circuit Courts were established, and Judge Stanley was appointed one of the associate justices of the Circuit Court in September, 1874, a position he held until that system of judiciary was abolished, in 1876. When the Supreme Caul was established by the Republican party, the selection of suitable persons to constitute the court was not entirely without embar- rassment, but it was universally conceded that Judge Stanley should be one of the appointees. In the two years which he bad been upon the bench be bad demonstrated bis entire fitness and ability for a higher position, and bis selection as one of the associate justices of the Supreme Court was commended by the bar and the people of the State with one accord. This position he held until his decease. Indeed, he was iii the midst of a jury trial when the " poisoned arrow" fell at bis feet Notwithstanding the many duties and responsibil- ities of his professional and ollicial life, be still had time and strength for other labors. In 1865 be was elected president of the City National Hank, which position he held until 1879, when the bank was changed and becami the Mer- chants' National Hank. He was elected a trustee of the Manchester Savings-Hank in ls.x:t, which position be held at his decease. He was a good financier, and being familiar with the law concern- ing commercial paper and securities and possessing superior business ability in a general sense, be was qualified to discharge the duties of those places of trust to which he was elected with remarkable ease and facility. Judge Stanley was earnestly interested in educa- tional matters. He was one of the trustees of Dart- uth College from 1881 to the time of his death, and was otn of the most efficient and active managers of that institution. He was not wholly in sym- pathy with the long-established course of study, but favored the "optional" principle and the introduc- tion of the modern languages and scientific studies, to some extent, in place of if,- . lassie course of the early days of the college. But high above all prefer- ences of this nature witli him was the determination HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. of his character to do well ami thoroughly whatever was being done, and if it were not the wisi si way, then to change for that which was such speedily. He realized also that institutions of learning like Dart- mouth College could not lie successfully managed unless upon the same business principles which in- sured Mnvess el-owhere, and he applied himself to the duties of the college trustee with the same thor- oughness and fidelity that characterized his efforts in other jdaees of public trust. That venerable institu- tion lost one of its stanchest friends and safest advisers in ol Judge Stanley. He was one of the mn>t earnest promoters of the undertaking to establish a school under the auspices of the Unitarian denomination, and was one of the committee of the Unitarian Educational Society to - a Unitarian institution, the Proctor Acad- emy at Andover. N. II. He was one of the trustees from thi time when the society took control of the school, and was one of it- warmest and mosl efficient friends. He was an earn . -i i ■■■.,! o iln ''country academy ," belies ing it to be one of those institutions in our educational system which afforded the priv- chool to certain classes that would otherwise be deprived of them, and that it should be fostered and multiplied until every village and hamlet in the country had received its advantages. Judge Stanley attended the Unitarian Church during most of his life in Manchesti r. He was for many years a trustee, and at the time of his decease the president of the first Unitarian Society. His connection with that society and Ins discharge of tin' duties of chief executive officer were characterized by the same earnest desire to do his whole duty that dis- tinguished him cveryw here. Politically,. Tudge Stanley was a lite-long Democrat, although he was in no sense a politician. He had strong, clear convictions upon the matters of admin- istering the government, both in the State ami the nation, and was in sympathy with the principles and theories of.the Democratic party, and never hesitated to express them whenever occasion required. His connection with the Masonic fraternity was somewhat prominent, and his respect and regard for that institution were pronounced and sincere. lit became a member of the fraternity in January, 1862, receiving all the degrees of the American system, in- cluding the orders of knighthood, during the following year. He was Worshipful .Master of Washington Lodge in 1 Si"»7 and subsequently held important offices in the Grand Lodge of the Si ate. He was a g 1 Mason. We can express no higher commendation. As a citizen, aley was a model. Ho was quick to respond with his means and counsel in all worthy enterprises, whib be was prudent and sensible in the expend- iture of public funds or private contributions. A- a friend anil companion, he was dear to his chosen circle, Foi his wise admonitions and cherished for bis pleasant cordiality and entertaining manners. He married MissLydia A. Woodbury, only daughter of William Woodbury, Esq., of Weare, X. H., Decem- ber 24, 1 *■">;. He resided about two year.- in the north- erly part of the city, on Beach Street, but in 1859 he purchased and remodeled the place on the corner of Concord and Pine Streets, which he made his resi- lience, and where he lived until his decease. There, in one of the happiest of home-, be gathered his law and miscellaneous libraries and pursued hi- official 'labors and studies in the most agreeable manner possible, and no matter how humble the petition, how unreasonable the hour or how unnecessary the intru- sion, his frank ami genial Welcome wa- always ex- tended to the visitor and his patient and kindly i. en. His easy and social manner relieved those with whom he had official relation- of every restraint, and the performance of his duty was always free from harshness or useless formality. Those who met Judge Stanley, either officially or socially, will always rembember -neb occasions with feelings of respect and gratitude. While Judge Stanley was aide to do everything which came within his sphere of lite well, ami seemed to lack for iin faculty, he was nevertheless distin- guished by certain prominent traits of character and endowed with certain mental qualities in a remark- e. He had great tenacity of purpose — not the sentiment which springs from personal conflict, but a strong and abiding principle running through every fibre of his being and steadily asserting itself in even action. He wa- a man of strong, char con- viction- and was as faithful to the course which they marked out as the needle to the pole. He disregarded abstractions in reasoning and despised method- of sophistry. His logic was remarkable for its directness and brought him to conclusions with the rapidity almost of intuition; and it is not too much to say, generally with unerring precision. He was possessed ot'a wonderfully strong and comprehensive memory, of very great industry and remarkable powers of endur- ance, and. what seemed to be made up from many facul- ties, a grand general business ability which rendered him SO valuable and efficient in every place where he was called to act. He loved the practice of the law, bi cause it afforded a wide field for his intensely active nature, and an opportunity for the protection of in- dividual rights. But it was upon the bench that Judge Stanley was able to do the best work of his life. He knew well the value of a fearless and conscientious court. His discriminating mind, accurate memory, great love for justice ami equity, and quick energetic decision of character fitted him in a remarkable degree for the duties of that position. Few men have been able to transfer their labors from the "heated conflict of active practice to the unimpas-ioned and exalted duties of the bench" with more perfect adaptation or complete fitness. The universal commendation of bis official life and the profound res] t in which he was held THE BENCH AND BAR. by the members of the bar are evidence of his great merit as a judge. Judge Stanley died December 1, 1884, after a very brief illness. He was holding the September term at Nashua, and suspended for a few days on account of slight indisposition, as was generally understood, when, suddenly and without warning, the fatal change came. His death was a painful shock to the whole State, causing deep and widespread sorrow. The whole community mourned bis decease as a public loss, and tin' distinguished concourse which assembled to pay the last sad rites and show their respect lor him was a more eloquent tribute to his worth than the profoundest eulogy. We came. i conclude this imperfect -ketch of our esteemed friend more fittingly than by subjoining the proceedings of the Supreme I ' i at the law term in March, 1885, concerning his decease. The attorney-general, Hon. Mason W. Tappan, addressed the court and said,— "May it please yow honors: "I rise to tin- performance of a melancholy duty,— that oi presentin - resolutions in reference to the death of your late associate, Judge Sua i- le>\ 1 bad intended to have presented these resolutions at the - i of this court in D mber, but it was thought best to postpone it till the ,„■,.., hl ,; . when there would be .1 n general attend I 1 ■ members of til.- lor li the \arieu- ' ■ ointi.-s in 1 1 1 ■ State. ■■II,. announcement ol I leatb of Judge Stanley in the early days of winter fell with startling suddenness upon tin' members of the lor and the people of Hie Stat.-, ami very few knew et hi- serious illness until the intelligent e was Has I ovei the state that he was dead. '•And it is very hard t" realize even new that he, who, but a fev, ,, e I in the enjoy nt of such perfect health Iwhogave promise oi so many years of future usefulness in the position which he adorned on the bench of tti is court, has passed from among us forever. ."II,.. 8uddeun 1 Judge Stanley's death cannot help reminding us ,,f the wools of Mr. l'.urk a somewhat similar occasion, which are frequently quoted, bul so little heeded : 'Snatched from us, a- he was, in the midst of his usefulness, while his desires were as wi and his hopes anj "f ours, has feelingly told US what shadows we are and what shadows we pursue.' " His funeral was attended by a largo concourse of people, not only from the city where he dwelt, but by the members of the bar and others, rig, I believe, from every county in the State, showing tie' high esteem in which he was held by all ranks and i la— - in th .mutiny "The friendly and genial relations which exist.',] between Judge Stanley and the men. hers ,,f the har generally, an I I mo >M. ,! 'h, bench as well, will cause him to he sincerelj mourned and his name and character to he held in kindly remembrance as long as any "1 the- win. knew him -hall live. I mine, your honors, the adoption of the following " Resolved, That in the death of the Hon, Clinton Warrington Stanley, one "I theassoi iate justices of the Supre Court of New Hampshire, on the 1st day of December, 1884, we recognize the loss of one of the most untiring members of lb,- bench, who, by bis ability, integrity 1 faithful devotion to the Int.,- ,f hi- ..the... had deservedly , a 1 and possessed 1, rice and respect of bis associates and of the bar and 1 pie of th,- State "We recognize, al-,,, hi- Bterling qualities a- ;i man and a citizen, which made him honored and respected in all the relations of private "And weres],,-, tfullj request the court to direct that these proceedings be entered upon its records, and that a copy thereof he presented t,, his widow, with the n-surancc of our deep and heartfelt sympathy m her bereavement." Mr. Justice Blodgei then spoke as follows: "The estimation in which Judge Stanley was he], I l,v the profession ha- , . ii -,, titlv . ,\pi,, I in the resolutions which have I n present.,, 1, and in the remark- which have been made, that nothing seems to remain Worth alel the deep Sel.se o| It- hearth li 1 ".--. " To say that our brother was invaluable i ..„, i, , hul the feeble utterance oi a Belf-evident truth, w. 11 I,..,, v., the I, a I ,,| the State and O ' all others ha\ 1 l.g 1 ,11-i lie-- i ti ) ., , And tr, , in hi- very nature it could not 1 tlei v i <-. ! ii was a- natural for him to work a- to breathe, and In- ocas,,, | li ] labors only a- he yielded up In- life But he was far than .. me uorkei . he was an able, painstaking ami an uprighl nidge II.- ■■ .load than he was u. "I willing to extend ovei Urn ei lots „l .tie f men are to be judged hi tl.- - . 1 and of evil in t by the balancing of theii virtues and theii faults, few, indeed, ,,i inthejudgn " Bul ii i- I-, ■ ..lie that Judge Stanley will long death, OUt- The inelan- I itneSS of the social and moral side of without ostentati f favor . so many ,.,., | ;„ [east, the death .,t no other mi/, n "f New Hampshire has ,aiiie, I le wid, -plead -,,ri.,w I,, tie- hearts of her people or called forth in notable tributes of He n respi i i. ••Cut While, h.llliallh -peak...-. We ,1, 1,1- Ultti I11..1.V n-llloVal ill the prime of his liiatlh 1 alei H, the luld-t -■! hi- n- lull.- --. W" cai.Iiot hut he grateful that h.s busy, l.d i- and faithful life was crowned with a ino-i fitting close ; fol with only a brief illness, and with all his faculties unimpaired, lie was rcifullj called aw.o with '.a a struggle, lo a i.,.i, h a- gentle as that "huh l,.o-en- the ripe fruit from its bough. 'God's finger touched loin and he -hpt • ll.s w.nl, was done,— hie mis- sion was accomplished." Chief .Justice Doe spoke as follows: "Brother Blodget speaks for ..- all. hut my personal relations with brothei Stanlej wen oi iu. b .. chara. ter and duration that I beg t,, be excused for adding a wool. A- -, 1 1-mates, brother I lark and I be- came acquainted with him thirty-eight years ago last August, and we remained "ii intimate term-, with some separation of tunc an, I -|,.,o. , nil the sudden end last I le.-.. 1 1 ,1 ,c i h',,i u- and many others side the immediate family circle, cold come so near home {'holy feeling of personal [OSS I tl ,,ti So many friendly at scenes of harmonious counsel ; so long a period .,f .mite, 1 tabor, with some inevitable and highly useful diversity of view and opinion, hut without ,, -n ::,. unpli asant jai di discord left in recollection , bo much constant attention t,, the want, of others . - u. I. assistance rendered so habitu- ally as 1 spected and rei end a- a matter of course ; so much sacri- ti , ,,f In, own tunc, labor and convenience for our own benefit ; so many l„,m- alel day-' aid n al, lighted up DJ his t,. .lorn lit alel I heerful spirit,— all this mid all the pleasures of life that this suggests 1,,,,, i |„i-o.ial hcieavciuelit Seldom experienced by those w ho ale Hot of near kindred. "The untiring energy that rendered the most valuable judicial service was enlisted in helping hie .,--,„ lates, a- well a- it. "- enterprises, public and private, lb- capacit} for continuous labor. f.„ detail- and lot everything collipii- d ill the -I "fill , olldllCt "I bn -i le — , coll I hi Ul',1 with eijuaniinity and profound and enthusiastic interest in everything he u ii, bit,, ok, made him an invaluable member ..f the curt and would have can id him to the highest distinction and su in any department of a, tive in, "i instance ,.t his iucos-aiii usefulness illustrates the productive „a| ,,f hiS talents. The pi , -out sy-tein of exi.lii ill inn candidates for idmi i ii i bar is entirely his work, and the great advantages derived from it by the profession and tl mmunity are a e mil of the mission of progress and improvement ill which he was alwav , o li eat ■_',,, 1. Should tin- -\ stein be long cut el. it will g. , fa r t, , p> o, 1 -i ic b a bar and ben, b a, tl,,. intei.-t- and tie , relit of the stale do ,.l Tin, one movement has already done enough fol tie cans.- ,,| Icjal clll, atl.ol ill HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. M'li' We Imv ill llii|im\r.,| i, ctlimls i >(" it.lllLllii-t J :it I. .1 l .il.nn i.u.t . , Mm ■■ ..I genius. " w bat aiade linn -i" . mil- pleasing as an assoi iate, and Ins life the lll\pple>t llll'l lie-l - ,i||-|:ii Inl v. u.is hi- impel tnrloMe >r|riiity. I llllVe Been him in circumstances "I annoyance when !i>- must liave thought lli!!]SL'lf ill- Use. I. llllll wlll-ll nthelS ill 111— pi. in- Wi.lll.l IlllVr lllllile l ■■ .-I less exhibition of anger, but from nil these thirty-eighl and a half years I cannol rei all a single occasion when be ^1h>\m>'1 any sign of irritation. II this extraordinary fact is due to a memory that failed to record - express^ tngi of vo lor, il is, nevertheless, true that in kind- lie— it n.ttille lite I l'lrnlnii. f I ..in ( i nt fill in ■— ;unl resentment— qualities ill.- lie. -I l..-ir;il>le in :i fneiel unit of prime nerr-silv in ;i pi.l-e — In- \v:i- Hiix. Herman Foster was born at Andover, Mas>., October 31, L800. He removed to Hudson, N. H., with his father's family in 1810. He prepared for college, bul was prevented from pur- suing a college course by a disease of his eyes. He fir.-i < r i l: ; i l! i • < 1 in mercantile lm>inr~- in l!o>ton. and was married to Harriet M. -V. Whittemore, of West Cambridge, Mass.. in November, 1826. He removed to Warner in March, 1830. lie .studied law with the Hon. Henry B. Chase, of Warner, and was admitted (.. practice in December, is::;). Hecommenced prac- tice in Manchester, X. H., in 1840. He was town treasurer before the city was char- tered. He was a member of the State Legislature in 1845-46 and in 1868-69; member of the State Senate in 1860 and 1861, of which body he was president the latter year. He was one of the first directors and clerk nf the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad, a director of the old Amoskeag Bank for many years, a director of the Amoskeag National Bank, and a trustee and one of the investigating committee of the Manchester Savings-Hank from its organization to his death. He also was one of the fouuders of the City Library, treasurer and clerk of the Manchester ( Jas- Lighl < !ompany from its organization t<> his death. In bis profession, Mr. Foster was a safe and valu- able counselor. He formed his opinions upon careful study and examination, and they were generally cor- rect and reliable. In the preparation of a cause he was thorough. He neglected nothing ami was seldom caught unprepared. It may safely lie said the affairs of no client suffered in his hands. Mr. Foster died February 17, 1875. Lewis W.Clark.1 — Judge Lewis Whitemore Clark, son of Jeremiah and Hannah (Whitemore) Clark, was born in Barnstead, X. II.. August 19, 1828. With most excellent natural mental capacity, lie early showed a hunger lor knowledge. His education began in the common schools of his native town, was pursued through I'ittslield and Atkinson Academics, in which institutions he prepared for college, and Dartmouth College, where lie was graduated with ex- cellent standing in 1850. He immediately began the special preparation for By Be ..linn II. Kimball. his chosen profession and at the same time was prin- cipal of I'ittslield Academy. His principalship of this school continued from August, 1850, to December, 1852, with eminent success. He began his law studies with Hon. Moses Norris, continued them under the direction of Hon. A. F. 1.. Norris, and on September :;, L852, was admitted to the bar of New Hampshire, to commence a career of professional service that has been alike honorable to himself and creditable to the commonwealth of which he is a citizen. He practiced law for a time in I'ittslield, X. H.. but his abilities were such a- to soon Call bun to the me- tropolis of the State, where he has since resided, one of its best-beloved citizens. lie was associated in the practice of his profession with Hon. George W. Morrison and Hon. Clinton W. Stanley, late associate justice of the Supreme Courts and remained in this law firm for six years. A-fter a time he formed a law partnership with Hon. Henry H. Huse, under the firm-name of Clark & Huse, and continued thus until May 24, 1*72, when he was ap- pointed attorney-general of the State by Governor Weston, an appointment which his learning and ability justly merited. This position he held, with great credit to himself ami benefit to the State, until August, 1876. His ability and great learning as a lawyer, his faith- ful and eminent discharge of the duties of attorney- general of the State, and his already marked judicial ability pointed to him as the man to iill the vacancy which had occurred on the Supreme Bench, and on August 13, 1877, he was appointed judge of the Su- preme Court of Xew Hampshire, an appointment highly satisfactory to the able bar of the State. This position he has filled to the present time with highest honor to himself and in a manner worthy the great lawyers who have occupied the Supreme Bench of Xew Hampshire. In December, 1852, he united in marriage with Miss Helen M., daughter of Captain William Know It of Pittsfield, a lady every way qualified for the compan- ionship ol her eminent husband. Two children have been born to them, — Mary Helen and John Lewis. Politically, Judge Clark is a Democrat, and while not a partisan, has been a wise and honored leader in the Democratic party. In 1855 he was the nominee of his party for Congress in the Second Congressional District ami served as a member of the Xew Hamp- shire Legislature from I'ittslield in the years 1855, 1856, 1857. Since his elevation to the Supreme Bench, in ac- cordance with his high sense of honor, he has with- drawn from active participation in politics, while still profoundly concerned in all questions relating to his country's weal. The private character of Judge Clark is one of stainless integrity. His mind is eminently one of great self-poise and unusually perfect adjustment. He possesses in an unusual degree the power to grasp **** Jue^f/ziz^ ^rc^Ze^ in * (>><C^^c^^^^(^^^^-'^---^-^U THE BENCH AND BAR. all sides oJ questions that come under his notice, and with imperturbable calmness deal with them. He is pre-eminently a lawyer. He loves his profes- sion, and whether at the bar pleading, or on the bench deciding, he is always the searching, candid, judicial-minded lawyer. This word is ennobled and and dignified by Judge Clark as it is and has been by the thousands of other great nanus who have so much to do in making the great in American history. Socially, Judge Clark is genial, cordial, of great amiability, direct, and in all his bearing towards all marked by a large-hearted kindliness and perfect simplicity. His whole character is permeated by profound reli- gious com iction. Personally he is a Baptist, in regular communion and active fellowship with the First Bap- tist Church id' Manchester, but his great catholicitj of character and mind put him in warm fellowship with all noble lives of every faith. In the confraternity of his profession he stands enviably high. In the circle of society in which he moves he is sincerely respected and loved. In the community of his residence he is esteemed and honored; and as a citizen, his large influence can be uniformly depended upon in behalf of the public well-being-. Isaac W. Smith.' — The opportunity to attain the posts of high honor and extensive influence, which under our free institutions is put within the reach of all who feel stirring within them the requisite latent ability, and are willing to submit to the requisite labor, is illustrated in the life of the subject of the fol- owing sketch, the Hon. Isaac W. Smith, associate justice of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire. Paternal Ancestry. — I. Samuel Smith, supposed to have emigrated from England and to have been among the early settlers of Haverhill, Mass. II. Samuel Smith, died June 2, 1781, in the eighty- girth year of his age. Sarah, his wife, died April ">. 1801, aged ninety-two years. III. Joseph Smith, born January 22, 1740 (0. S.), died January 28, 181(3 ; moved from Plaistow, N. H., to Hampstead, N. H., March 1, 1800. He was a sol- dier in the War of the Revolution. His grandmother (whether paternal or maternal is not known, nor her name) died March 5, 179">, at the age of one hundred and two years. He married ( 1 ) Hannah Harriman, May ii, 1762, who was born March 25, 1744, died May 6, 1782, and by whom he had eleven children ; (2) Mary Sawyer, December 2, 17*4, daughter of Jon- athan Sawyer, horn October 19, 1758, at Atkinson, X. H., died December 2, 1802, and by whom he had five children; (:!) Mrs. Phebe Runnels, September 5, 1803, who dieil in July, 1821, aged seventy-nine years. IV. Isaac Smith, fourth child of Joseph and Mary (Sawyer) Smith, born at Plaistow, N. H., May 31, 1793, died at Hampstead, N. H., June 11, 1869; married (li .Mary Clarke, daughter of Nathaniel and Abigail (W Iman) Clarke, Julj L8, L822, who was born January 21, 1800, died June ('., 1833, and by whom he had three children ; (2) Sarah < 'lenient, < )c- tober 23, 1834, daughter of Muses ami Marj - -- Clement, of Salisbury, X. II., who was born 1 »eceml >er 9, 1795, died May 2, 1866, and by whom he had two children; (3) Abigail Clarke, March 20, 1867, daugh- ter of Nathaniel and Abigail (Woodman) Clarke, who was born April 5, 1795, and died Augusl 27, L879. She was the widow of David Clarke, of Sandown, \. 11., who died November 24, 1834, at Lowell, Mass Isaac Smith was a country merchant, who carried on an extensive business for nearly half a century in Hampstead, and was widely and favorably known as a public-spirited citizen, strongly identified with the religious, educational and political interests of the town. He was charitable in his views and libera] with his means, and was often called to positions of public trust and responsibility. His character was above reproach, and he died honored and lamented by all who knew him. Maternal Ancestry. — I. Nathaniel Clarke, born in 1044 and died August 25, 1690; married, November 23, 1663, Elizabeth, born November 1, 1646, daughter of Henry and Judith Somerly, and died March 15, 1710. Nathaniel Clarke's name appears among the early set- tlers of Newbury, Mass., where he resided. He appears to have been a man of unusually strong qual- ities, mental, moral and physical, and these qualities have been transmitted from generation to generation among his descendants to a quite remarkable extent. II. Nathaniel Clarke, Newbury, Mass., bom March 13, 1666; died October, 1690; married Elizabeth, born October 16, 1665, daughter of Dr. Peter and Jane Toppan, and sister of Rev. Christopher Toppan, D.D. Her father was sixth in descent from Robert, of Linton, near Lately Bridge, in the West Riding of York, where his descendants continue to the present day among the most respectable families of that country. Nathaniel went with the expedition to Canada in 1690, and was mortally wounded there on board the ship "Six Friends," in October of the same year. III. Nathaniel Clarke, Newbury, Mass., born July 29, 1689 ; died in 1754 ; married, March 7, 1709, Sarah, born November 3, 1692, daughter of Samuel and Sarah Kent ( rreenleaf. IV. Nathaniel Clarke, Haverhill, .Mass., born in 1728; died November 7, 1805; married, February 18, 1753, Mary Hardy, of Bradford, Mass., horn October 8, 1733, died June 13, 1817. He was a member of Captain Richard Saltonstall's (2d) company of foot; served in 1780 on the committee to collect clothing for the army, and was active in furthering the cause of the Revolution. V. Nathaniel Clarke, Plaistow, N. H.,born in 1760, died March 19, 1846; married Abigail W Iman, born August. 1765, died April 3, 1844. When fifteen years old he enlisted for three years as filer in Cap- 28 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. tain Nehemiah Emerson's Company, Tenth Massa- chusetts Regiment, and remained till the close of the war. Ho was wounded at the battle of White Plains. VI. -Mary Clarke, born at Plaistow, N. H., January 21,1800; died June 6, L833, at Hampstead, N. H.; married Isaae Smith, July IS, 1822. She was a woman of great persona] beauty and rare sweetness of char- acter, possessed of gentle ways, dignified manners and fine womanly sense. She lived an exemplary Christian life, and her early death was deplored by a large circle of friends. Isaac William Smith, the second child of Isaacand Mary (Clarke) Smith, was born in Hampstead.N. II.. May 18, 1825, His parents shared fully the honor- able ambition which has from the beginning charac- terized our old New England families, and which goes so tar to account for the moulding and controlling icNeu Falkland element in the country ai large, — the ambition to secure the best possible advan- [ucation for their clildren. For an end so important in their estimation they were willing to toil and to make large sacrifices, and for this, in his case as in so many others, a debt of gratitude not easily to be repaid is felt to be most justly due. His early years were passed in theipiiet atmosphere of a country \ illage, under the influences of a pure and happy home, and in attendance for brief periods at the academies in Salisbury, Atkinson, 1 >erry and San- bornton. At the age of fifteen years he was sent to pursue his studies preparatory for college at Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., then under the care of Samuel H. Taylor, LL.D., one of the most distin- guished educators that this country has as yet pro- duce.1 Having completed these studies, he entered Dartmouth College in 1S42. The president of the college, Rev. Nathan Lord, D.I>., was then in the full meridian of that remarkable career which secured for him a placeamong the foremost college presidents of tin' country. The class with which Judge Smith graduated in 1846 was small in number, but is re- markable for the proportion who have become distin- guished in professional life, including Rev. Charles A. Aiken, D.D., president of Union College and pro- fessor in Princeton Theological Seminary ; Hon. Ben- jamin F. Aver, LL.D., lawyer, Chicago, 111.; Dr. Josiah W. Barstow, superintendent of Flushing (X. Y.) Insane Asylum; Rev. James J. Blaisdell, D.D., professor in Beloit College; Hon. Joseph M. Cavis, judge of Fifth District Court, California ; Dr. Edward H. Parker, professor in New York Medical College; Rev. Alonzo H. Quint, D.D., trustee of Dartmouth College; Hon. Edward J. Warren,judge of Superior Court, North Carolina; and Rev. Joshua W. Well- man, D.D., trustee of Andover Theological Sem- inary. Soon after his graduation Judge Smith commenced his legal studies in the office of William Smith. Esq., at Lowell, Mass. Alter spending nc.irh a year in this office, he removed to .Manchester, and completed his studies in the office of Hon. Daniel Clark. He was admitted to the bar July 9, 1850, and soon after entered into a partnership in legal practice with Hon. Herman Foster, which continued nearly two years. Subsequently he was lor five years the partner of Hon. Daniel Clark. He was early recognized by his fellow-citizens as Liking a lively interest in the welfare of his adopted city ami as qualified to till positions of trust and re- sponsibility in its affairs. He was president of its Common Council in 1851 and 1852, city solicitor in 1854 and 1855, and mayor of the city in 1869. I D 1 355 he was appointed judge of the Police i !our( of Man- chester, but resigned the office in 1857 to engage more fully in the practice of his profession. He was elected in 1859 to represent his ward in the Legislature of the State, and was re-elected in the following year, and in the latter year was chairman of the judiciary committee of the House of Representatives. In 1S62 and L863 he was a member of the State Semite and chairman of its judiciary committee. In 1863 he was appointed by President Lincoln assessor of the Second Internal Revenue District of New Hampshire, and held the office until 1870. He was appointed associ- ate justice of the Supreme Judicial Court. February in. 1874, by Governor Straw. In August of that year the court was reorganized, and he was appointed by Governor Weston associate justice of the new court, and held the office until the court was again reorganized, in 1876. After leaving the bench he resumed the prac- tice' of his profession, and continued it until July, 1877, "leu a vacancy occurred in the Supreme Court, and he was, upon the recommendation of almost the entire bar of the State, appointed by Governor Pres- ent! to fill it. a position which he still occupies. As a lawyer. Judge Smith has throughout all his practice been characterized by a clear, penetrating judgment, unsparing industry, unbending integrity and fidelity to all trusts. The high reputation which he early acquired, built on solid foundations, has never been shaken. Upon the bench his well-known ability as a lawyer, the conscientious care and thor- oughness with which every case upon which he is called to express an opinion is examined, and the judicial poise ami impartiality which he always main- tains, secure for his rulings and decisions a high degree of confidence and respect. Judge Smith's personal interest in the affairs of his Ah, in Mater has suffered no abatement as other cares and interests have multiplied. He was president of the Dartmouth Alumni Association in 1881-83, and of the Phi Beta Kappa Society i„ 18S2-84. In college he was one of the charter members of the Dartmouth ( li tpterof the Alpha Delta Phi Society. In 1880 he delivered before the Alumni Association a eulogy upon the life and character of Hon. William H. I'.aitlett, lale associate justice of the Supr< of New Hampshire. In Mar, h. 1885, he was elected Oh. , J 2^L7 THE BENCH AM) BAR. L".t one of the trustees of the college. He has found time amid the press of professional duties to indulge his taste for historical investigation, contributing his share to the researches of the Now Hampshire Histor- ical Society, of which he has been a member since 1861. As early as 1849 he delivered an address, which was subsequently published, at the centennial celebration of the incorporation of his native town. His tastes in this direction gave a special zest and value to a visil which lie made, in the summer of 1878, to several of the scenes of special historical in- terest ill the Old World. Politically, the sympathies of Judge Smith have been with the Republican party since its Brst organi- zation, lie was an earnest advocate of the great principles which that party bore inscribed upon its banners in our terrible civil stri'e and in the period of ; :ion which followed it, and which are des- tined to go down to the future as the inspiring aid plastic force in one of the greal epochs in human his- tory. He was. in 1856, a delegate to the National Con- vention which nominated Fremont and Dayton as candidates tor President and Vice-President. Religiously, by education and by conviction, his sympathies are with the Orthodox Congregationalists. He early identified himself with the Franklin Street Congregational Society in Manchester, assuming his full share of its burdens and responsibilities, being called at different times to rill the offices of president, treasurer aud director in it. In 1870 he became a member in full communion of the church with which thai society is connected, and has always taken a warm and lively interest in its prosperity and in the advancement of the cause which it represents. Judge Smith was united in marriage, August 16, 1854, with Amanda \\\, .laughter of Hon. Hiram Brown, the first mayor of Manchester. Their chil- dren, eight in number, are Mary Amanda, born June 5, 1855; William Isaac, born February 22, 1857; Arthur Whitney, born March 9, L860; Julia Brown, born January 17, 1862 ; Edward Clark, born October 24,1864; Daniel Clark, born April 5, 1866; Jennie Patterson, born September 29, 1868; and Grace Lee, born September 10, 1870. James F. Briggs.1— John and Nancy (Franklin) Briggs were of that class of working Englishmen who had the courage to flee from hard surroundings which no strength could overcome, and seek in a new world, among strangers, a chance to improve their condition. They were factory operatives at Bury, Lancashire County, England, where their son James F. was horn, October 23, 1827. When he was fourteen months old they took passage on an emigrant ship for America, and after a rough voyage of more than seven weeks landed in Boston, March 4, 1829. Going direct to Andover, Mass., the father found employment in a lBy Henry M. Putney, from Clark's "Successful New Bampshir woolen-factor) there From that place he removed to Saugus, where he worked a short nine, and from thence to Amesbury, which was the family home until 1836. In the fall of that year the lather, in company with two brothers, bought a small woolen- factory at Holderness (now Ashland), N. II., and, having established his home near by, commenced business on his own account, in manufacturing woolen cloths. But l'r\x operatives were needed to run this mill, and they were mainly the three pro- prietors and their children, anion- whom was the boy James, then a lad nine years old, who had begun to earn his living in a factors before the removal from Massachusetts, the family circumstances being such that all had to contribute to its support as soon as able. He was continuously employed in the mill for the next five years; but during this time he had learned enough of hooks to make him ambi- tious to know more; and, as the affairs of the family were fairly prosperous, at the age of fourteen he was sent to the academj at Newbury, N't. , and afterwards to the one at Tilton. Being an expert operative, able to take the wool from the fleece and convert it into cloth, by working in the factory a part of each year be earned the money to pay his expenses at these institutions one or more terms every year until 1848, when he arranged to commence the study of law with Hon. William C. Thompson, at Plymouth; but in February of that year his lather died. 'leaving a family of eighl children, six of whom were younger than James, in destitute circumstances. 'Ibis affliction, which threw the care of the family largely upon the young man, compelled him to change somewhat his plans; but he did not for a moment lose sight of the object he had in view, ami, as he could not enter the law-office at Plymouth, he borrowed books from it and pursued his studies during such time as he could get at home, for a y.ar, when he entered the office of Hon. Joseph Furrows, then a practicing lawyer at Holderness. In 1849 the family removed to Fisherville, in order that the younger children might obtain employment in the factory there, and he completed his studies in tl Hi< e of Judge Butler, from which he was ad- mitted to the bar in 1851. A lew months later In: ci nieed the practice of law at Hillsborough Bridge, whither he went a perfect stranger, without money or reputation. I'.ul he had ability and energy, was willing to work, knew how to live within a small income' until lie could make it larger, and little by little he gained clients and friends, who gave him a lucrative practice, accepted his counsel, followed his leadership and established his reputation as the most popular and influential man of the town. In 1856, 1857 and 1858 he was sen! by a nearly unanimous vote to represent Hillsborough in the Legislature, where he was at once accorded a prominent position as a member of the judiciary committee, and the third year was honored by the nomination of bis 30 HISTORY OF H1LLSBOH01 GH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. party Cor the Speakership. At this time he acted with the Democratic party, and continued to do so until the War of the Rebellion, when he felt that all loyal men should unite to save the Union and main- tain the national authority, and, having been nomi- nated by the Democracy of his district for councilor upon a platform which enunciated peace-at-any-price doctrines, to which he could not assent, he declined the nomination, and from that day has been an ardent, active and enthusiastic Republican. While the Eleventh Regiment was being recruited he tendered his services to the Governor of the State, and was appointed quartermaster on the staff of Col- onel Harriman. In this capacity he served through the battles of Fredericksburg, the military operations in Kentucky, and the Mississippi River expeditions which resulted in the capture of Yicksburg and Jackson, for about a year, when he was prostrated by the malaria of tin- southern swamps, and compelled to resign anil return to his home in Hillsborough. During his absence in the field and the illness which succeeded his return his legal business had become somewhat demoralized, and on the recovery of his health he concluded to start anew in a wider field of action in Manchester, to which city he re- moved in 1871, forming a partnership with Hon. Henry II. Huse, which still exists. Manchester gave him a cordial welcome. Her mill operatives and other mechanics greeted him as an honored graduate of their school, who in his after triumphs had never forgotten the hard road by which he had journeyed to success; her lawyers and clients were already well acquainted with his professional abilities; her sol- diers recognized him as an old companion-in-arms. and her politicians as an earnest Republican who could and would be a tower of strength in every campaign. Under these circumstances he did not have to wait for business or political preferment. Soon after opening his office he was appointed city solicitor, and in 1874 he was elected to the Legislature from Ward Three. Two years later he was chosen Senator from the Manchester District, and in the same yeaj was -cut to the Constitutional Convention. In all these positions he won reputation and friends to such an extent that in 1877 he was nominated for Congress without substantial opposition, and elected by a large majority. At the expiration of his hist term he was unanimously renominated, and after an exciting campaign was re-elected by a majority of eight hundred and forty-nine over the combined Democratic ami Greenback vote. Two years after- wards it became a question whether he should be returned. The traditions and prejudices of the dis- trict were strongly against a third term. Four other able and deserving men were ambitious to succeed him, and he declined to push for the nomination, but accepted a call to take the stump in Maine, leaving it for his friends to determine whether his name should be used in the convention. To one of these, who wrote him that he ought to return from Maine and attend to his canvass, he replied: "I am assured that I can be of considerable service here, and, as it is of vastly more importance that the cause shall triumph in this State next Monday than that I shall be re- nominated, I must remain and trust to you and others to decide whether it is best to send me back to Wash- ington. Whatever that decision may be, I shall be satisfied." The convention met just after the disas- trous defeat of the party in Maine, and when it appeared that there was only a desperate chance for its nominee to be elected. It decided that it' any man could succeed he could, and a few days alter he took the stump. Manchester, which was counted a doubtful city when the convention assembled, gave him more than eight hundred majority, and the rest of the district swelled this to fourteen hundred and eighty. In Congre>*. Mr. Briggs was from the first a faithful, hard-working member, always in his seat, tireless in serving his constituents, especially the veteran sol- diers, ami conscientiously devoted to the discharge of all his duties. In the Forty-fifth Congress lie was a member of the committee on patents; in the Forty- sixth, of the committee on naval affairs; and m the Forty-seventh, chairman of the committee on expen- ditures in the War Department, and a member of the judiciary and reform in the civil service. No member of the House commanded a more perfect confidence in his associates, ami few, it' any, were able to accomplish so much. He succeeded at Wash- ington as he did at home, by quiet, patient, persistent work, and was satisfied with results rather than with brilliant outbursts and noisy exhibitions of his rhet- orical powers. Mr. Briggs married Koxana Smith, the daughter of Obadiah ami Eliza M. Smith, of New Hampton, and ha- had three children, all of whom are living. The oldest, a -on. was educated at West Point, ami served four years in the army, when he resigned, and is now engaged in the manufacturing business in Trenton, N. d. Two daughters reside with their parents in Manchc - In concluding this brief sketch, written without the knowledge of its subject, the author feels that it will fail to satisfy those who have known Mr. Briggs inti- mately without some direct reference to the qualities which characterize him in all positions in lite. Prom- inent among these arc hi- perfect fidelity, industry, steady courage and thoroughness. It is natural for him to lie true, impossible tor him to lie false. He is ambitions, ami few prize more highly the honors they win: lent lie i> incapable of the duplicity, and all the cheap artifices b) which some men suc- ceed. His faithfulness to his conviction- does not count cost or query about consequences to himself. He is as stanch and true a friend as ever lived, and he never cheats those whom he dislikes or despises. His generosity and devotion to his family are far- ^3l2^^£j ijD^t^y THE BENCH AND BAR. :;i reaching and untiring. He is a public-spirited citi- zen, a kind neighbor and a pleasant companion. He is always approachable, patient and considerate. In every cause in which he enlists he is a hard worker and 8 free giver. He knows how to wait and how to look beyond temporary reverses to the complete tri- umph which he always believes will crown and estab- lish the right. He never frets and never rests until the result is secure. His private lite is without a stain, and the fierce light of the hottest campaign has disclosed no shadow of a blot upon his publii record. His sympathies are with the people, and his head and hands are controlled by his heart. These qualities have made James F. Brings what he is. They have supplied the place of early advantages, influential friends and fortune. They have carried him from the woolen-mill, working for a few cents a day, to the national House of Representatives, commissioned to speak and act for the largest and richest district in New Hampshire. They made him strong at the bar, popular at the polls and influential in Congress. David Cross, one of the leading lawyers at the Hillsborough County bar, was born in Weare, N. H., July 5,1817. His father, David Cross, son of Abial Cross, was born in Salem, N. H., June 19, 1772, and died in Weare. March 7, 1856. His father was a farmer, a man of great energy, remarkably indus- trious and upright, kind and hospitable, and held in high esteem by all who knew him. His mother was Olive Kimball, daughter of Thomas Kimball and Olive Love joy Kimball, of Pembroke; was born June 19, 1782, and died April :!, 1871. He fitted for college at Hopkinton and Phillips Academy, A ndover, Mass., and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1841. He read law in the office of Willard Raymond, in Troy. N . Y., at the Harvard Law School, and office of Hon. Daniel Clark, in Manchester, and was admitted to the bar in December, 1844, and has continued in active practice to the present time. In 1856 he married Anna Quackenbush Eastman, a daughter of Hon. Ira Allen Eastman, who was a member of Congress from this State for four years and one of the judges of the Supreme Court for fifteen years, and one of the most distinguished lawyers ol the State. He died in Manchester in 1881. Her mother, a daughter of John N. Quackenbush, of Albany, N. Y., is living in Manchester. Of the five children of Mr. and Mrs. Cross, two died in infancy, clarence Eastman Cross died Janu- ary 11, 1881, he being within eleven days oftwenty-one years of age. He was a member of the junior class in Dartmouth College. The death of Clarence was a terrible grief to his parents and a disappointment of many cherished plans. He seemed to leu, inherited from his father ami grandfather a taste and an ability for the law, and his character and talent gave high hopes of success. He seems abundantly qualified to assist his father in professional labor ami to achieve for himself an honorable position, of the two sur- viving children. Allen Eastman Cross, born hecem- ber 30, 1864, is now a member of the senior class in Amherst College; Edward Winslow Cross was bom July 21, 1875. Judge Cross has always manifested an interest in all matters tending to advance the moral and mate- rial interests of his city and the State. In 1852 and L853 be was city solicitor. In 1848, 184'.), 1856, 1876 ami 1S77 he was a member of the Legislature from Manchester. In L856 he was appointed judge of Probate tor Hillsborough County, which office he held until 1874. He was United States pension agent from 1865 to 1872. During all the time he was judge of Probate and pension agent he continued in the active practice of law at Manchester, — the business of the pension agency being done by clerks under his supervision and direction. The labor in his profession from 1865 to 1872, with his other business, was severe ; he, how- ever, always worked with great cheerfulness, and filled every position.' creditably and honorably. Judge ( 'loss was one of the directors, from 1855 to 1865, of the Merrimack Elver State Bank, and has been one of the directors and vice-president of the First National Bank since its organization, in L865. He has also, since 1861, been one of the trustees of the Merrimack River Savings-Bank. He is an active meniliorofthe Franklin Street Congregational Church. He has been associated as partner in the practice of law with Elijah Miller Topliff, Henry E. Burnham, Ira A. Eastman, and at the present time with D. Arthur Taggart. No office in the State probably for the last thirty-live years has had so many law students That Judge Cross has been eminently successful in his chosen profession the records of the courts of New Hampshire and the testimony of his cotemporaries in practice abundantly prove. He came to the bar of Hillsborough County at a time when such men as Pierce, Perley, Daniel Clark, George Y. Sawyer and George W.Morrison were inthefull tideof successful practice, constituting a galaxj that tor ability and bril- liancy has seldom been seen at the same timein prac- tice before the courts of a -ingle county or Stat.'. While not so richly gifted with oratorical powers as some of these men, he at once look a position, and lias since maintained a reputation not inferior to theirs as a sound lawyer and a safe and prudent counselor. Tie secret of Judge Cross' success seems to be largely due to causes over which he had no control ; he had the rare good fortune to be endowed naturally with strong and active mental powers, keen moral perception and a sound constitution. Careful disci- pline of these gifts and faculties has produced in him a broad and well-balanced mind, practical good sense and judgment, an even and cheerful temper, warm ami deep sympathies, a cordial and engaging manner, a modest and unselfish disposition, a sturdy honesty 32 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. that temptation assails in vain, ami a capacity and love for the often laborious work and duties of his i which make all burdens light and labor pleasant. Judge Cress enters into the cause of his client with zeal and prosecutes it with energy, but never forgets the principles of justice, and is never unmindful of the rights of others, seeking in all his acts to aid the court and jury to reach just conclusions upon the law and evidence. By his candor ami fairness in con- ducting the numerous i-msis before tie' courts he has won the confidence alike of court and jury, which fact has deservedly contributed largely to his success, and at the same time gained lor him the warmest personal regard of his brethren at the bar. To the large number of younger men wdio in forty years have made Judge Cross's ollice a school in which to pre- pare themselves for the duties of professional life he has been more than an instructor. By his uniform courtesy, his upright, honorable conduct, fairness and unswerving rectitude, he has taught them not only the principles of law, but the principles that underlie high and manly character as well. In the full vigor of his professional life, with a large and successful business, rich in the confidence and regard of his professional brethren and fellow-citizens in every walk of life, he seems to have reached the full fruition of his labors, and to be in the enjoyment of the pleasure that an honorableand unselfish career confers upon any man. LUCIEN B. CLOUGH was graduated at Dartmouth College with the class of 1850. lie commenced his legal study with Messrs. Morri- son A Fitch, of Manchester, in 1x50, ami afterwards pursued it with Raymond & King, of Troy, X. Y., ami was admitted to tin liar in Albany, N. Y.. upon examination, in 1851. In Is/,:; he returned to New Hampshire and. after being admitted in this State, opened an office in Manchester. In 1874 he was appointed judge of Probate for the county of Hillsborough, which office he held about two years. In 1878, David F. ('lark. Esq., who studied his profession with Mr. Clough, became associated with him as junior partner, under the style of Clough & (.'lark, which firm is still in practice. CyrtjsA.Si i .low \y, son of Greeley and Betsey L. Sulloway, was born in Grafton. N. II., June 8, 1839. His boyhood was passed in his native town, where his opportunities tor securing an education were very limited. He, however, improved such ad- vantages as were afforded by the common schools, and subsequently attended the academies at Canaan, An- dover, Franklin, and Colby Academy, at New Lon- don, N. II. Having decided upon the legal profession as his life- work, he began the study of the law, in 1861, in the office of Pike & Barnard, at Franklin. N. H. He was admitted to the bar at Plymouth, in November, 1863, and soon after located in .Manchester, forming a copartnership for the practice of law with Samuel 1 >. Lord, under the firm-name of Lord & Sulloway. This partnership continued until September, 1873, when Mr. Sulloway associated with him Elijah M. Topliff, the firm being Sulloway & ToplifF. Dennis F. O'Con- nor subsequently became a member of the firm, it Sulloway, ToplifF <& < »'( lonnor. Mr. Sulloway was a member of the Legislature in 1s7l' and 1873, in the former year being chairman of the committee on elections, am! in the latter chair- man of the judiciary committee of the House. He was also deputy collector of internal revenue from L873to L878. In 1878 he was opposed to the con- traction of the currency, and in that year was the Oi'cinliack candidate for Congress. He was a mem- ber of the Republican party down to 1880. In that year be east his vote tor Hancock, and in 1884 for President Cleveland. May 31, 1864, he united in marriage with Helen M., daughter of Jonathan W. Fifield and Theodorah (Dickinson) Fifield, of Franklin, and their family consists of one daughter,— Belle H., born July 31, 1868. Mr. Sulloway, upon his admission to the bar, at once displayed such energy, ability and adaptation to his profession that be soon surrounded himself with a large clientage, and rapidly rose to prominence. To great keenness, penetration and power id' ana- lysis he adds fluency, pungency and force in the pres- entation of a cause toajury, and as an advocate, he espouses his causes fearlessly and leaves nothing undone, in the line of honorable warfare, to win suc- cess. His prominence in the trial of the most important causes in his own county, and his constantly widening field of practice, now embracing a majority of the counties in the Slate, arc conclusive proofs that his legal fame rests upon a solid and enduring basis. Hon. Henry E. BuRNHAM, son of Henry L. and Maria A. Burnham, was born in Dunbarton, N. II., November 8, 1844. He graduated at Dartmouth Col- lege in 1865, and was admitted to the Merrimack County bar in 1868. He began the practice of the law in Manchester, N. 11., in September of same year. He was appointed judge of Probate for Hillsborough County July 25, 1876, and resigned June 3, L879. Charles Henry Bartlett was bom in Sunapee, N. H., October 15, 1833. He is the fourth son of John and Sarah J. (Sanborn) Bartlett, and is a lineal descendant, in the eighth generation, of Richard Bar- tlett, \\ ho came from England to Newbury, Mass., in the ship "Mary and John," in 1634. The original orthography of the name was Bartte- lot, which is still preserved by the family in Eng- land, whose ancestral home in Stopham. Susses County, has remained in possession of the family for nearly a thousand years, and the present occupant, Y) V /0//0I, THE BENCH AND BAR. 33 Hon. Walter B. Baxttelot, is the member of Parlia- ment from that county. In the same ancestral line is found the name of Hon. Josiah Bartlett, who, as a delegate in the Con- tinental Congress from New Hampshire, was the first man to vote "yes" on the passage of the Declaration of Independence, July 4,177(1, and the second to affix his signature thereto. All the Bartletts whose names appear in the annals of New Hampshire trace their lineage to the same ancestry. Mr. Bartlett has four brothers— Joseph S., who re- sides in Claremont, and Solomon, John Z. and George H., who reside in Sunapee — and two sisters, — Mrs. Thomas P. Smith and Mrs. John Felch. His parents passed awaj at the advanced age of eighty-two years, in the enjoyment of an ample competency, the fruits of a long life of earnest and cheerful labor, and the practice of astern, self-denying economy, a character- istic of the best type of our Now England husbandry. Mr. Bartlett's early life was mainly spent upon his father's farm, laboring through the summer season and attending school during the winter. He early de- veloped a decided taste for literary pursuits, and from childh I devoted a liberal share of his leisure mo- ments to the perusal of such 1 ks as were accessible to him. He also contributed liberally to the current literature of the day, and showed remarkable facility in both prose and poetic composition. He received his education at the academies at Washington and New London, after which he commenced the study of law in the office of Metcalf & Barton, at Newport. He studied subsequently with George & Foster, at Concord, and with Morrisson .V Stanley, at Manches- ter, being admitted to the bar of Hillsborough County, from the office of the latter, in 1858. In that year he began the practice of bis profession at Wentworth, N. H., and in 18(53 removed to Manchester, where be has since resided. For some two years he was law- partner with the late Hon. James U. Parker, the partnership terminating with the retirement of the latter from active business. In June, 1867, he was appointed, by Judge Clark, clerk of the United States District Court for the New Hampshire district, since which time he has not actively practiced his profes- sion, but has devoted himself to the duties of his office, which became very onerous and responsible upon the passage of the Bankrupt Law, about the time of his appointment. The holding of this office under the government of the United States has disqualified him from accepting any office under the State gov- ernment. He was clerk of the New Hampshire Sen- ate from lSiil to 1*65, Covernor Smyth's private secre- tary in 1865 and 1866, treasurer of the State Reform School in lstiii and 1867. In the same year he was unanimously chosen city solicitor, but declined a re- election, owing to his appointment as clerk of the Dis- trict Court. In 1872 he was elected, as the nominee of the Republican party, mayor of the city, and served till February 18, 1873, when he resigned in accord- ance with the policy of the national government at that time, which forbade United States officials from holding State or municipal offices. His cheerful co- operation with the administration in this neuter. though at a sacrifice of a most conspicuous public position, was handsomely recognized by President Grant, through Attorney-General Williams. His last official act as mayor was to order the city treasurer to pay the amount due him for salary to the Firemen's Relief Association. Mr. Bartlett has been a trustee ol the Merrimack River Savings-Hank from 1865 to the present time, and a trustee of the People's Sav- ings-Bank from its organization, in 1874. He is also a director in the Merchants' National Bank. Hewas the Master of Washington Lodge of Freemasons If April, 1872, to April. 1874, and uow holds the position of United States commissioner, to which he was ap- pointed in 1872. The only positions of trust he has held since his appointment as clerk of the United States Court are as a member of the hist Constitutional Convention and chairman of the commission ap- pointed by the Governor and Council to investigate the affairs of the New Hampshire Asylum for the In- sane. Mr. Bartlett married, December 8, 1858, Miss Han- nah M. Eastman, of Croydon, N.H., by whom he had one son, Charles Leslie, who died at the age of four years, anil one daughter, Carrie Bell. Clarke's "History of Manchester," from which the foregoing facts are gathered, closes its biographical sketch of Mr. Bartlett as follows: "Mr. Bartlett has a keen, well-balanced mind, whose faculties are always at bis command. He thinks readily, but acts cautiously, and seldom makes a mistake. Hence be bus been financially successful in almost everything be has un- dertaken. He is one of the most practical lawyers in the State, and was for several years in charge of the law department of the Mirror, giving general satis- faction, ami his withdrawal, when his business com- pelled it, was a source of much regret to the readers of that paper." In 1881 Dartmouth College conferred upon him the honorary degree of Master of Arts. In 1882, Mr Bartlett was elected to the New Hamp- shire State Senate, resigning his office as clerk of the United States District Court. At the assembling of the Legislature, on account of his eminent fitness, he was chosen president of the Senate, an office Second in rank to that of < lovernor of the State. Joseph B. Clarke was born in Gilford, N. H., June 21, 1823. He graduated from Brown Univer- sity, L848. He commenced the study of the Ian with the late Judge Asa Fowhr, of Concord, and subsequently entered the office of S. C. Lyford, at Laconia, and was admitted to the bar in 1853. He commenced the practice of bis profession, in Manchester, in 1855; was city solicitor in 1858 and 1859; representative in the Legislature in 1850; was mayor ol' the city in 1867; was appointed 34 HISTORY OF HILLSIiOUOUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. county solicitor in 1861, and held the office ten years. He is identified with the banking and other leading interests ofthe city, and ''has taken pari in whatever might be prominent in society at any time, interest- ing himself in politics, military affairs, banking, rail- ways, etc., and bis election to the mayoralty of the city testifies to the confidence with which he lias been regarded as a public man. Cautious, prudent and thoughtful, a hard worker and a true friend, be lias made a good name in the city, and is favorably known throughout the State. He is a good citizen and was one of the foremost men and most liberal giversin the construction ofthe First Baptist Church." Hon. Benjamin Franklin Ayer,1 the son of Robert and Louisa (Sanborn) Ayer, was born at Kingston, April 22, 1825. He graduated at Dart- mouth College in 1846, and read law with George W. Morrison. Esq., and at Harvard University Law School. Went into practice in Manchester in July, 1849; was elected clerk of Common Council in the sane' year and again in 1850. He was a partner in the practice of the law with Samuel H. Ayer, Esq., from about 1850 until the decease of the latter, then continued in business alone until June 1, 1854, at which time be became the law-partner of Herman Foster, which partnership continued until April 10, 1857. He represented Manchester in the New Hampshire Legislature in 1853 and was attorney for Hillsborough County from 1853 to 1856. One year later he removed to Chicago, 111. He succeeded Sam- uel H. Ayer, Esq., as solicitor for Hillsborough County and held the office several years. He has held the office of city solicitor in Chicago and is the present attorney of the Illinois Central Railroad. Hon. Samuel Upton, who has spent most of his active life in the city of Manchester, in this State, has been long known as an earnest and aggressive worker in politics and a sincere advocate of the cause of temperance and of religion. His father, Daniel Up- ton, a descendant of John Upton, an Englishman of considerable means, who settled very early in what is now the town of Danvers, Mass., came to Wilmot, this State, in 1816, where he lived until his death, which occurred in 1856. He married, for bis second wile. Asenath feel, of < Joflstown, N. H., in 1822, and had a large family of children. Of him it has been said that he possessed little of worldly wealth, but was rich in Christian faith and good works ; that he possessed sound intelligence and made his influence felt in moulding into form the crude elements which at best enter largely into the composition of all new- settlements. His eldest son by this marriage, Samuel, the subject <>(' this sketch, was born September 12, 1824. The story of his early life differs little from that of many others who have, unaided by fortune, successfully suii' I'd againsi hardships and privation-. Cour- I B. CI. ugh ageously, however, he entered the contest, though his delicate health counted against his success. Exhaust- ing at an early age the resources of the public schools, at that time indifferent in quality, and limited in quantity, he sought, by such labor in the field and the workshop as his health would permit, to obtain means lor further education in the academies of the State. In time be was enabled to attend one term at the New London Academy, and subse- quently completed a course at Kimball Union Acad- emy, Meriden, N. H., in the fall of 1849, defray- ing, by manual labor during vacations and by teach- ing winters, the entire expense of his course. He loved books, and the pleasure derived from their study was to him ample compensation for the many depri- vations through which their companionship was pur- chased. While pursuing his studies and subsequently he taught in the public schools, — one term in Danbury, N. H., three in Wilmot, two of which were in his own district, into which school he introduced modern methods of teaching, and raised its standard a marked degree, infusing an ambition and pride among the pupils which is still felt. He also taught one term at Meriden immediately after his graduation and finished one term at I 'ornish Flatt, from which school the unruly boys had driven the former teacher ; then taught four terms in Ash- land, Mass., five in Manchester, N. H., four of which were in connection with the High School as assistant or principal. He also taught in academies one term each at Ashby, Mass., Corinth, Vt., and Deering, N. H. As a teacher he was eminently successful, and though fond of the work, he was looking forward to the law as a profession. For this purpose he com- meneed reading law in the office of Butterfield & Hamlin, Andover, N. H., in the spring of 1851 ; re- mained in that office one year, then completed his studies in the office of D. & I). J. Clark, in Manches- ter, N. H., in the fall of 18.">4. Upon admission to the bar lie opened an office in that city, and soon was admitted to practice in the United States Circuit Court. In 1857 he was appointed justice ofthe Po- lice Court in Manchester, which office he held for seventeen years. During bis occupancy of this posi- tion the powers of the court were extended, and his administration of the duties of justice received gen- eral commendation from all parties. From his boyhood he was active in politics, and in his school-days showed an aptitude for political dis- cussion much in advance of his years. On the sla- very question he had but one opinion, — that if human slavery was not wrong, nothing was wrong, and he lost no opportunity to wage warfare upon thai institution. He east his political fortunes with the Liberty party, and his first vote was probably counted as scattering. In the organization and success of the Republican party he took an active interest, ami was prominent as a public speaker, making many canvasses of the State. He represented Manchester i-iu^cl 'Itk/l^-'' a. THE BENCH AND BAR. :;.-. in the Statu Legislature in 1855 and 1856, and in December, 1863, was appointed, by President Lincoln, commissioner of Board of Enrollment for the Second Congressional District, which position he held until the close of the war, in 1865. He was also appointed visitor to the West Point Academy in 1861, but owing to sickness in his family, was unable to attend the examination. He also served three years on the Public School Board in Manchester, taking an active interest in the schools, especially in the High School, the Lincoln Street Grammar School and the Training- School, the care ot' which was especially assigned to him as a sub-committee. As a temperance worker he was connected with several organizations and delivered an address before the State Temperance Convention on " The History and Workings of the Prohibitory Law," which at- tracted much attention, and was published by the convention in pamphlet form for circulation. Early in life he united with the Congregational Church, and in some capacity has ever since been connected with its Sabbath-schools. For eight years he was superin- tendent of the Franklin Street Sabbath-School, in Manchester, to the interest of which he devoted much time and labor, and he now looks upon the time thus spent as the most pleasant and profitable of his life. In 1875 he removed to Western Iowa, hoping the change might benefit the health of his wife, and free- ing himself from political work, be enabled to de- vote a few years to a more remunerative occupation. There he engaged in mercantile business with his brother-in-law, under the firm-name of Prescott & Upton, and the firm soon became well known in the business community for its enterprise and success. As individuals, they did much to build up the new town and to establish for it a good reputation. It was saiil to be the only town between Dubuque and Sioux City free from the curse of beer-saloons. To this new field of labor Mr. Upton carried with him not only his zeal for temperance, but also his love for Sabbath-school work, uniting with the school the first Sabbath alter his arrival, and laboring as teacher of the class of adult scholars and as superintendent •during his residence there. He also served as a mem- ber of the Public School Board, and on the incorpora- tion of the town, refusing to allow his name to be used for mayor, he served as one of the Council. In 1883 he returned to New Hampshire, settling in Goflstown, opening a law-office there and in Man- chester, and also engaging in trade. He is :it present superintendent of the Sabbath-school in the village where he resides, and a member of the Board of Edu- cation. In 1857 he married Jennie L. Merriman, one of the teachers in the High School at Manches- ter. Their only child died in infancy. Measured by results, Mr. Upton can look back upon a most suc- cessful life. Engaging in the liberty cause when to befriend the negro, even in New England, subjected one to vile taunts and social ostracism, he lias seen the cause he knew to be right spread until slavery is forever dead and a President, elected by its former supporters, escorted to the Capitol by a battalion of negro soldiers without exciting comment. Advocating a prohibitory liquor law when liquor was openly sold in everj town in the State, he has lived to see the liquor traffic suppressed in all but one or two eities in le State, and the measures he advocated received almost tin- unanimous approval of both political parties. As a public speaker he possesses in a marked degree a capacity for marshaling facts and tor pre- senting them to the public in a manner which both pleases and instructs. For his efforts in polities and the cause of temperance be has been both censured and praised, but no one has doubted for a moment the integrity of his purpose or the unselfish motives which have ever prompted him. He is yet in vigor- ous health, and likely to enjoy for many years the proud satisfaction of having been an active worker on the successful side in the two great struggles, one ■ of which has relieved the country of hitman slavery, while the other has well-nigh driven from his native State the liquor saloons with their train of evils. The present members of the Manchester bar are as follows : John II. Andrews, Charles H. Bartlett, John P. Bartlett, Samuel N. It'll. John e. Bickford, Henry W. Blair, James F. Briggs, Albert 0. Brown, II. um I. Buraham, Charles A. Carpenter, Bradbury P. Cillej, Benjamin F. Clark, Daniel Clark, David F. Clark, B. F. Clark, Henry S. Chirk, .!■-■ [.li l: rl.iik, l..\\i- w chirk, I.ucian B. Clough, Charles E. FellowB.John Foster, Christophei \ Gallagher, MichaelJ Btealy, [aaac L. Heath, Nathan P. Hunt, Henry B Base, Edwin r Jones, Joseph L Boeuf, William Little, _. A Little, Frank! Livingston - ID Lord, Thomas l> Lnce, George I. .11. Allister, John T. Moore, Charles ft. Morrison, G geW. Morrison, Herbert I-'. NorriB, Charles A. O'Connor, Dennis F O'Connor, Alpheus C. Osg 1. Jesse B. Patten, William i: Patten, David L. Perkins, David 1'. Perkins, George W. Presi ott, Albion R. Simmons, Isaac W. Smith, James B. Straw, Cyrus A. Sulloway, \i- tlmi I). Taggart, Elijah 51. Topliff, Newton H. Wilson. Perley Dodcje was born in New Boston, N. H., May 17, 1799. He is the son of William and Rachel (Poland) Dodge. His father was a farmer, and the boyhood of Mr. Dodge was spent on the farm until his sixteenth year. He then fitted tor college, and finally graduated at Union College, Schenectady, N, Y., in the class of LsiM. He chose the law as his profession, and studied with Titus Brown, of Frances- town, and Nehemiah Eastman, of Farrington, N. II. October, 1827, he was admitted to the bar, and began practice with his former instructor, Titus Brown, al I'l.iin estown and New Boston. This copartnership was continued until 1832, in March of which year Mr. Dodge removed to Amherst, N. II., where he now re- sides at the advanced age of eighty-six years. He continued the practice of law at Amherst until 1839, when, in < Ictober ot' that year, he was appointed clerk of the courts of Hillsborough County, the multiform duties of which position lie faithfully discharged until March, 1857. He then returned to the practice of his profession, which hi' has continued to the present HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. time, though for the past few years he lias practically retired from the active duties of the profession. Mr. 1 >odge has been a w ise and sale counselor and a suc- cessful praet it inner, and is regard, d a- one of t lie nic- est aud must honored members of the New Hampshire bar. In L837 he was elected as representative from Am- herst to the General Court, and again in 1853 and 1854 he was re-elected to the same position. Waschairman of the committee on banks in 1853, and of railroads in 1854. It may be stated, as a remarkable fact, that Mr. Dodge has attended every court of record in Hills- borough County since his admission to the bar, and during all the years he was clerk of the coiin.hr took every verdict from the jury except one (and that omission was occasioned by his illness). Mr. Dodge is a calm, dignified, plain-spoken man, of clear judg- ment and comprehensive intelligence: conservative in his views, yet in hearty sympathy with whatever in his judgment tends to the elevation of the mental or moral tone of the community in which he lives, or of mankind in general. In politics he has always been a Democrat. Hemarried, May 31, 1831, Harriet, daughter of Hon. Peter Woodbury, of Francestown, and sister of the Hon. Levi Woodbury. Their children were, — Perley Woodbury, born March 28, 1839, married Sophia E. Phelps. August 13, 1863, and resides iu Amherst. They have one child, Charles Perley, born September ::. 1864, now a 'udent at Sherburn Falls, Mass. Charles William, born September -1, 1842, married, first, Rebecca 0. Christy, of New Boston, September 4, 1869. She died January 2, 1873. He married, second, Lelia J. Small, March 11, 1878. She died April 4, 1885, in Amherst. They have one child liv- ing, Martha Belle, bom July 10, 1882. Maurice Whipple, bom .Inly 31, 1881, died dune 2."., 1883. Martha W., born June 25, 1846, married James B. Whipple, of New Boston. June 25, 1877, and died July 21, 1881. Hon. Aaron Flint Sawyer was bom April 24. 1780, at Westminster, Mass. He was educated at Dartmouth, from which college he was graduated in 1804. He practiced law for many years at Mont Vernon, N. 11., and removed to Nashua about 1828, and there followed his profession until his death, Jan- uary 4, 1847. An able lawyer, he was longa conspic- uous man in the community, and represented Nashua in the Lower House of the State Legislature in 1N47. the \ ear of his death. He was a gentleman of the old school, with some not unpleasant eccentricities arising from the strong positiveness of his nature: a kind- hearted and cheerful individual, he was a good citizen, an excellent neighbor and a strong friend. He was an eminent Christian, and for years a zealous worker ami teacher in the Congregational Sabbath -school. He married, August 2o, 1811, Hannah Locke, grand- daughter of Rev. Samuel Locke, D.D., president of Harvard College from 177ti to 177:1. Of their children, two have attained eminence in the legal profession ; the oldest, Samuel L., now of Independence, Mo., has Keen for a long time a hailing member of the bar of that State and a circuit judge for many years. He has also been a member of Congress. Aaron W., his third child, occupied an equally honorable and dis- tinguished place at the New Hampshire bar. Hon. A.aron Worcester Sawyer1 was born in Mont \ ernou, Hillsborough County. X. II. . Octobi i 11. 1818, and died in Nashua, N. II., August 23, 1882. He was the son of Hon. Aaron F. and Hannah (Locke) Sawyer. His father was a man of liberal education, a lawyer by profession, a gentleman of the old - hool, a man of warm and generous impulses, a devoted and active Christian. His mother was Hannah Locke, a granddaughter of Rev. Samuel Locke, D.D., the president ol Harvard College from 1770 to 177:'.. Mrs. Sawyer was a woman of strong and marked character, of much refinement and excellent judgment, and the moral and intellectual qualities id' Judge Sawyer bore the strong impress of his mother's character ami training. The first few years of Judge Sawyer's life were passed in Mont Vernon, from which place his father removed, about 1828, to Nashua. He was educated at the public schools of Nashua, and the academies of Hancock, Deny and Nashua. During the years which he devoted to the study of the law, and, in fact, before he entered upon its study, com- mencing at an early age, he taught the winter terms. of the district schools in neighboring towns. This was an occupation in which he took great enjoyment and in which, pursued for eight or teu years, he acquired an exceptional aud deserved popularity. In this pur- suit he exhibited a diligence, patience and thorough- ness which marked the character of the man. while lie drew to himself the friendship of his pupils and their patrons with a strength and warmth which remained through life. He was admitted to the bar in 1844, and in 1846 began the practice of the law in Nashua. From that time until 1*72 his profe-sional career was continuous, uninterrupted and successful. Commencing with a love of business and fondness for legal lore, hi- practice was marked by a wonderful patience of research in its profound depths, an unflinching courage iu the ad- vancement and presentation of his views, ami an un- swerving fidelity to his client and his cause. He was no machine lawyer, ready at all times to try, but indifferent to results; nor did he prostitute his profes- sion to speculative purposes, unprofessional in char- acter. His presentation to court and jury was earnest, vigorous, persuasive and convincing, and, on occasions, eloquent. The natural tendency of his mind was at once mathematical and logical. His memory was Uhirilv condensed from a n.i-m.ukil a.lli.— I.\ o. .,.,.,: si, on- I" f.nv llillsKTi'iijili Cmmty l.ar. J.foJ* 0 THE BENCH AND BAR. fresh and retentive, his knowledge of human nature accurate and profound, and in his appreciation of the individual man, lie was seldom, if ever, deceived. Those who have been associated with or opposed to him will agree that when putting forth his whole strength, — bringing all his resources to bear upon the contention of the hour,— his power was wonderful, and his success almost certain. In 1848, Mr. Sawyer formed a copartnership with Hon. Charles G. Atherton, one of the most eminent men ofNew Hampshire, a connection which continued till the death of the latter, in November, 1853. From thai tiiu'' lie pursued the practice of his profession alone until April, 1858, when he formed a professional connection with General Aaron F. Stevens, which continued for more than a quarter of a century. Mr. Sawyei was a positive man, with fixed and distinct ideas and opinions. He had, withal, a spirit of independence, which led him sometimes to grow impatient of the restraints of organizations and the behests of party discipline; hut in his loyalty of con- viction of what was demanded for the welfare of his country he was never known to fail. He was a warm and ardent patriot, and met with alacrity the call ot the Governor for financial aid, when the first warlike note of the Rebellion fell upon the ear of New Hamp- shire. Eminently fitted as he was for public station, the allurements of ambition never drew him from the more congenial com torts and j ox a of home or the ardent pursuit of professional duty and success. A small measure of public fame satisfied a mind well fitted to correct the vagaries of polities, and to test, the genu- ineness and value id' human pretension. Mr. Sawyer held all important local offices of his town and city, served as Representative and Senator in the State Legislature, and from 1867 until July, 1876, he held the office of register in bankruptcy. (in the 22d of July, 1876, he received from Governor Ohenej Ins commission as associate justice of the Supreme Court, but tailing health obliged him to resign his office within two year>. In all the public trusts to which he was called, strength of character and fidelity of purpose marked his administration. Mr. Sawyer married, first, Mary Frances Ingalls, of New York City; second, Fanny, daughter of Francis and Almira (Stetson) Winch, of Nashua, September 12, L855. Their children were Fanny Ingalls (de- ceased Fanny Locke, Aaron Frank (deceased) and William Merriam. .Indue Sawyer was not only an eminent lawyer and jurist, but also a devoted laborer in the vineyard of Christ. For many years he was a member of the Firsl Congregational Church of Nashua, a teacher in the Sabbath-school, active in the prayer-meeting and useful in all Christian work. About eight years be- fore hi> death he received from the Hollis Association a license to preach the gospel. In his discourses, which he prepared with great care, he possessed rare power. His subjects were patiently studied in the light ot Scripture, and, with the aid of the best ex- positors, thoroughly digested and assimilated in his own thoughts; his sermons passed through the glow- ing furnace of his own experience and came before the listener rich, full and warm with religious fervor. Their delivery was marked by a certain tenderness of tone and manner which led each auditor to feel that the speaker was seeking the individual good of his hearers. "If tu have won for liiios.lt' .» proud position in the ranks of Ins profes- si the suffrages and approbation of his fellow-citizens to the full meas- ure of his opportunities ami a.-pirattons ; to have utilized superior intel- lectual power and endow nts to the constant ami wise solution of the abstruse problems anil varied atlairp of his profession ; to have gained, with" out pretension or ostentation, l.v tie- -trermth and force of character, the abiding confidence of his clients, and to have held that confiden through all tests and trials to the etel ; to have become the favorite adviser of his youngei and trustful brethren of the bar ; if to have constantly clothed his daily walk with the example ol ■ pure life, whose i ality, though Arm and constant, never taught him to be morose or austere ; to have elevated that life of undo vial ni- molality to itstwinship with a Christian faith ; if to have adorned his domestic life with tic eiidni in- fidelity of the husband, the deep and constant altectioii of ll„. father; Pi have so cherished industry, frugality, teiuporaiici', that these viitnc- won l,,i him, and for those who wen' hi" by tin- sweet and holy ties of nature and kindred, the boon of independence and fortune, aid then to Lav net death without fear, and in the calm, triumphant hopi Ol a -Ion I., pond —if these, and such as these, are the true and justly coveted fruits of human life and human exertion, we lev theii illustration and example in the life and death of Aaron W . Sawyer." Genekal Aaron F. Stevens. — Aaron Fletcher Stevens was born in Londonderry (now Derry), N. IF, August 0, 1819. He was the only son of Captain John F. and Martha Stevens, both of whom were na- tives of Massachusetts. His father, who for many years had followed the sea, went to Londonderry a short time before the birth of his son. where the family lived till 1828, when they removed to Man- chester, then a small town in Hillsborough County, now the largest and most prosperous city in the State. Here the father, then in the prime of man- hood, tried the experiment of farming, but at the end of three years abandoned the pursuit, and took up his residence in Peterborough, the oldest manufacturing town in the State, attracted thither by the superior facilities presented for the education and employment "i In- children. At Peterborough young Stevens found work in a fac- tory under the charge of I lovernorS le, and for about four years alternated between that employment and attendance upon the district school. In the mean time, however, the united savings of the family en- abled him to return to his native town and attend, for a short time, the Pinkerton Academy. The means to defray the expense- .,i i h i- -. lending were furnished in part from flu- earnings of elder sisters, whostill live to witness the fruits of their counsels and sacrifices for a brother. The parent-, careful and fond of their children, sympathized with their aspira- tions tor improvement, yet the limited means at their command enabled them to furnish little mere than the facilities of a common-school education. The early aspirations of the son for liberal education HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. and professional life were thus held in check, but he accepted with alacrity the alternative before him, and at the age of sixteen was apprenticed to the trade of a machinist. He worked at his trade several years as a journeyman, varying his employment, however, by attendance at the academy at Nashua, as well as by school-teaching, which occupied his time for several winters. In August, 1842, Mr. Stevens, at the invitation of Hon. George Y. Sawyer, then a distinguished lawyer, entered upon the study of the law at Nashua, and in August. L845, was admitted to the bar. The same kind interest led Mr. Sawyer to propose a partner- ship with Mr. Stevens, who, in that relation, entered at once into a prominent practice before the courts. At that period Hillsborough County was greatly dis- ■i for the abilitj of its liar, numbering on its roll, besides Mr. Sawyer. Benjamin M. Farley, Charles G. Atherton, George W. Morrison, Daniel Clark. Samuel II. Aver and others, all of eminence in the State, and some of wider legal reputation. It was into such a professional school that Mr. Stevens, sensible of his deficient early culture, and peculiarly averse to all presumption, was thus early thrown. The courage and the thorough preparation with which he entered upon hi- work, together with his power in grasping the substance of a case, and presenting it in a clear, logical manner, commanded the respect of both court and liar, ami gave him a high professional reputation. In the early part of his professional career Mr. Stevens was lor five years solicitor of Hillsborough County. The absence of the attorney-general ordi- narily imposed upon Mr. Stevens the duties of prose- cuting officer for that large county, thus bringing him into professional conflict with the most adroit and experienced practitioners, furnishing a rigorous test of his resources, and contributing essentially to his early distinction as a lawyer. He subsequently en- tered into a professional partnership with Hon. Aaron \V. Sawyer, an old schoolmate and townsman. Mr. Stevens entered upon active political life as a Whig, and followed the fortunes of that party with unswerving fidelity as long as it had an existence. His fust effort in the political arena was in the mem- orable campaign of L840. He was a member of the last Whig Convention in Baltimore in 1852. In 1849 he was a member of the State Legislature, represent- ing Nashua, ami again in 1854, when the Democracy, after an unparalleled contest, was defeated in the Legislature and overthrown in the State. He was again a member of the Legislature in 18.30 and ls">7. I lis candor, judgment and forecast, united with dig- nity, clearness and condensation as a debater, gave him a commanding influence in the House, and justly made him one of the most popular speakers in the State. In the Whig party he belonged to that portion who were strong in their anti-slavery convic- tions, and he carried those ideas with him into the Republican organization, of which he was an early and leading member in New Hampshire. When, at the outbreak of the Rebellion, a call was made for men to defend the capital, Mr. Stevens was one of the first to offer his services, and on April 2'.ith was commissioned by the Governoras major ofthe First New Hampshire (three months') Regiment of Infan- try. The regiment reached Washington, took part in the movement to Harper's Ferry, but was engaged in no battle. Returning home with his regiment, he resumed the practice of his profession ; but the next year was, by the unsolicited tender ofthe Governor, commissioned as colonel of the Thirteenth Regiment of New Hampshire Volunteers. He promptly organized his command and led to the field a superb regiment, made up of men from seven ofthe ten counties ofthe State. There was probably no regiment in the war of greater intelligence and high soldierly qualities. Among the names inscribed on the standard of this gallant regiment arc: Fredericksburg (its lirst battle), Suffolk, Swift Creek, Drury's Blurt; Cold Harbor, Battery Five. Petersburg and Battery Harrison, in all of which battles their colonel shared the conflict with them. During the siege of Petersburg, in 1864, Col- onel Stevens commanded a brigade. In the assault on Fort Harrison, September 29th, he fell severely- wounded at the head of his regiment and brigade. He remained upon tin- spot, close to the fort, till the colors of his command were planted upon the cap- tured parapet and the victory won. In December following he was breveted brigadier-general. The official records of the war, as well as bis companions- in-arms, bear witness to his courage as a soldier and his coolness and skill as a commander. Having closed his military career and resumed the practice of his profession. General Stevens was, in December, 1800, unanimously nominated for Congress. In March. 1867, he took his seat as a Representative in the Fortieth Congress. He served in that Con- gress on the naval committee, and the ••Treatment of Union Prisoners." Having been re-elected to t lie Forty-first Congress, he again served on the naval committee, and the committee on patents. During his Congressional service General Stevens did not often address the House in formal speeches. His chief efforts were given to the investigations of the committee room. Hut he occasionally spoke on na- tional subjects. The vital national interest- which were identified with the political struggle in 1 s<;.s called forth from him a well-considered speech in the House in February of that year, in which he pre- sented the subject of reconstruction in its essential features. He also made a short but terse argument in favor of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson, in which he paid a merited tribute to the great war minister, Edwin M. Stanton. In February, 1870, lie addressed the House on "Grant and the Administra- tion." in which he fully sustained the policy of the ^Zpf^zz^ THE BENCH AND BAR. President and denounced repudiation and the expan- sion of the currency. After the close of the Forty-first Congress, General Stevens again gave his attention to professional busi- ness. In June, 1879, he lacked but two votes oi being the Republican candidate for United States Senator — the nomination being equivalent to an election. In 1861 he married Miss Adelaide M. Johnson, oi Lynn, -Mass., an educated and accomplished woman. For several years they have passed their winters in Florida, having an orange grove on the River St. Johns, three miles north of Palatka. General Stevens' home, however, is at Nashua. Aside from his well-known ability as a lawyer, his graceful manner and fluency of utterance make him welcome on all public occasions in New Hampshire. Benjamin M. Farley, son of Benjamin and Lucy (Fletcher) Farley, anil grandson of Lieutenant Sam- uel Farley, one of the first settlers of Hollis, was born April 8, 1783, in that part of Hollis afterwards set off to Brookline. Mr. Farley prepared for college at the academy in New Ipswich; graduated at Harvard Col- lege in 1804; read law with Hon. Abijah Bigelow in Leominster, Mass. ; admitted to the bar and settled in his profession in Hollis in 1808, and continued to re- side in Hollis till 1855, when he removed to Boston. Upon being established in his profession he soon rose to a high rank in it, and for many years he had no superior at the Hillsborough bar. of which he was for several years president. He died September 16, 1865. Samuel T. Worcester, son of Jesse and Sarah (Parker) Worcester, born August 30, 1804, prepared for college at the academies in Pembroke, N. H., and Andover, Mass., and graduated at Harvard College in 1830. After leaving college, taught an academy for one year at Weymouth, Mass., and also for one year at Cambridge. Read law in the office of Hon. B. M. Farley, in Hollis, and also at the Law School in Cam- bridge; settled in his profession in Norwalk, Ohio, in 1835, and continued in the practice of the law in that place till the summer of 1867, when he removed to Nashua, N. H., where he still resides (1879). May 13, 1835, married Mary F. C. Wales, daughter of Samuel Wales, Esq., of Stoughton, Mass., who de- Ci ased at Nashua, April 29, 1874. Was a member of the Ohio Senate in the years 1849 and 1850; elected district judge of the Tenth Ohio Judicial District in October, 1859, and while holding that office was elected a member of the United States Congress in the spring of 1861. Publications: 1831, "Sequel to the Spelling-Book ;" 1833, ''American Primary Spell- ing-Book ;" 1871, revised editions of "Worcester's Comprehensive and Primary Dictionaries;" 1871, •'Old and New; or, the School Systems of Ohio and New Hampshire compared." He died Dec. 5, 1882. Joseph W. Fellows, son of John and Polly Hilton Fellows, was born at Andover, N. H., January 15, 1835. He was educated in the district schools of his na- tive town and at the Andover Academy. He entered Dartmouth College in July, 1854, and graduated in 1858. He taught school in Bradford and Concord, N. H.. and in Upton, Mass., during his college term. He was also a teacher in the Brownwood Institute, in La ( (range; also, the Marietta Academy, in Marietta. Ga., in 1859-60. He studied law in the office of Hon. John M. Shirley, of Andover. and of Pike & Barnard, of Franklin, N. II., and subsequently graduated from the Albany (X. V.) University Law Department, cla>> of 1861. He was admitted to the bar in August. 1861, and commenced the practice of the law in Manchester in 1X62, where be has since resided. Hi' was appointed judge of the Police Court of Manchester in 1874, and resigned the position in 1875. Judge Fellows was elected clerk of the Con- cord Railroad corporation in 1873, and was re-elected each year until 1S84. He has been one of the trus- tees of Proctor Academy, at Andover. ami of the Unitarian Educational Society of New Hampshire since its organization. Politically, Judge Fellows i- a Democrat and an able and fearless exponent of the principles of that party. In religious matters he is a Unitarian of the liberal class. Although in the active practice oi an arduous pro- fession, Judge Fellows has found time to indulge his taste in literary pursuits and has prepared many life Sketches of his neighbors and friends, and in this branch of literary labor is not easily surpassed. He has also given much attention to the Masonic history of Manchester, and the able article which appears in Ibis work i< from his pen. Judge Fellows is a promi- nent and active member of the Masonic fraternity and has been through all grades and held many posi- tions. Judge Fellows ha- been twice married — first, to Miss Frances Moon, w ho died in 1874. and second, to Mrs. Lizzie P.. Davis. ( ictober s. 1878. Judges ok Probate.— The following is a list of the judges of Probate for the county of Hillsborough from 1784 to the present time: Jonathan Blaneuanl, from 17M I, , 1 Tso : Samml 1 'ana, from 1789 In i riiainpn.-.v. from February 13, 1793, to May, 1810; Clif- ton Claggett, from 1811 to 1812; John Harris, from August 10, 1812, to l.-il: I'liflon Cla-L'.-tt, \ mro-t :., Is*:. I,, January 'J!'. 1*20 : Edward Parker, from 1 sjo to 1835; Luke W Ibury, from 1835 to 1851; William C. Clarke, from September 8, 1851, to Julj 1", 1856; David Cross, from -Inly 14, 1-''. to 10 1874; tucien I:, Clough, from .Inly 11. Is74, to July 20, 1876; Henry B. Burnham, from .Inly 25, 1876, t" June : 1870 l d trd I Parki - Jul i :, 187! ,-nl in, nmbent. Charles Hknky Burns' was born in Milford, N. H., January 19, 1835, of good old New England stock, which on both sides had been prominent in that town from its earliest settlement. Ill HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. On his father's side he descended from that Scotch- [rish nice which has given to New Hampshire and New England SO many able men. His ancestry on his father's side is as follows : 1. John Burns, of Scotch origin, born in 1700; came to America from north of Ireland in 1736; set- tled in Milford, X. H., in 1746; died in Milford, X. H., in 1782. 2. Thomas, seventh child and third son of John. It is not yet known where or when he was born, but he was probably born in Milford. The date of his death, which occurred at Milford, is also unknown to the writer. He was, however, not far from eighty years of age when he died. He married Elizabeth Hartness, of Lunenburg, Mass. :J.. Samuel, sixth child and third son of Thomas and Elizabeth, born at Milford, September 17, 1779, died at Milford, September 20, 1817. He was select- man in Milford from the age of twenty-one for ten years. He was a strong man and died of brain fever. His funeral was the largest ever held in Milford. He married Abigail Jones, February 12, 1801. Shewas a woman of great strength of mind and of most excellent character. 4. Charles A., fourth child and second sou of Sam- uel and Abigail Burns, was born at Milford, January 19, 1809, and died of fever at Milford, January 25, 1857. He married, December 31, 1833, Elizabeth Hutchinson, of Milford. They were both people of the highest character and well known for their intel- ligence anil worth. .">. Charles H., son of Charles A. and Elizabeth, born at Milford, January 1!', 1835; married Sarah X. Mills, January 19, 1856, at Milford. They have four living children,— Charles A. Burns, Bessie Burns Gregg. Blanch Bums ami Ben. E. Burns. They have buried one sou, Arthur H. Burns, aged u, and three infant children. On his mother's side, who was a Hutchinson, he is of English descent, and we here give a somewhat extended record of that old family. The antiquity of the Hutchinson family in England is very great, ami was represented by Barnard Hutchinson, of Cowlan, in the county id' York, in 1282. He was denominated esquire, and his wile was the daughter of John Bagville, one of the oldest fam- ilies of Yorkshire. They had children,— John, Rob- ert and Mary. 1. Richard was a direct descendant from John, the heir of Cowlan : was born in England, and married, December 7, 1627, Alice Bosworth. He resided at North Markham, and about the year 1635 emigrated, with bis family, to New England. The earliest men- tion made of him in this country is found in the town records of Salem, Mass., in 1636, when the town made him a grant of land. In 1637 the town made him an additional grant of twenty acres, " provided he would set up a plough." In 1654 and 1660 further grants were made. The land was situated in the vicinity of Hathorn's Hill and Beaver Brook, which now runs through the town of Middlesex into the Ipswich River. He died about 1662. 2. Joseph, son of Richard, was born in England in 1633, and came with his father to Xew England and settled upon a portion of his father's estate, which was conveyed to him in 1666. 3. Benjamin, son of Joseph, died in 1733. He mar- ried Jane, daughter of Walter and Margaret Phillips. He married, second, January 26, 1714, Abigail Foster. Eleven children by Jane. 4. Benjamin, son of Benjamin, born at Salem, Janu- ary 27. 1693. He was a man of large wealth. He married, February 7, 1715, Sarah, daughter of John and Mary (Nurse) Tarbell. Seven children. 5. Nathan, son of Benjamin, baptized February 10, 1717. He was a farmer, and remained with his lather at Bedford, Mass., until 17M4. thence to Amherst (now Milford), where he died January 12, 1795 ; mar- ried Rachel Stearns; six children. He was one of the lirst settlers in the territory of Milford. 6. Nathan, son of Nathan, born in Amherst (now Milford), February, 1752, died December 26, 1831. He was a farmer. Married, 1778, Rebecca Peabody, daughter of William and Rebecca (Smith) Peabody. Sin was born January 2, 1752, died February 25, 1826; seven children. 7. Abel, son of Nathan and Rebecca, born at Milford. August x, 1795, died February 19, 1X46; married, Janu- ary 22, 1816, Betsey, daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth Bartlett. She was bom in Amherst (now Milford), October 26, 1796, died at Milford, August 2:;. L873; nine children. 8. Elizabeth, daughter of Abel and Betsey, born at Milford, June 18, 1816, now living; married, Decem- ber :;l, 1833, Charles A. Burns; nine children. 9. Charles H., sou of Elizabeth and Charles A., etc. Betsey Bartlett, wife of Abel, was also a descendant of the lirst Richard, through Joseph, third son of Joseph (first). The three races above named — Burns. Bartlett and Hutchinson — are of the highest character and respectability. This is also true of the Peabodys. Mr. Burns spent his early years upon his father's farm, and there developed that strength and good constitution with which he is so admirably equipped for the battle of life. He early evinced a desire for an education, and after getting what assistance he could from the common schools of Milford, which were always of a high order, he entered theAppleton Acad- emy, at New Ipswich, X. H., at that time' under the management of Professor Quimby, from which insti- tute he graduated in 1854. For some time he had entertained the purpose of entering the legal profession, for which he had already exhibited an aptitude. He read law in the office of Colonel O. W. Lull, in Milford, and subse- quently attended the Harvard Law School, where he graduated in the class of 1858. In May of the same year he was admitted to the Suffolk bar, in Massachu- setts, and in ( letober following be was admitted to the Lyn^a^rii^ cTYti 0( LuT-i^l^ THE BENCH AND BAR. 40 a New Hampshire bar. In January, 1859, Mr. Burns commenced the practice of the law at Wilton, N. H., where he has since resided, although of late years his extended practice through Hillsborough County and the State has necessitated the removal of his office to Nashua. He commenced his professional labors, as every young man must who has no one to rely upon but himself, with the smaller and more ordinary kinds of legal work; but by slow degrees he has risen, until to- day he is one of the most successful lawyers in New Hampshire, and his practice includes the highest order of cases Mr. Burns, although a good lawyer in all the branches of his profession, especially excels as an advocate. His advocacy is of a high order. He is what most of our lawyers, and public speakers even, are not. a natural orator. The whole bent and incli- nation of his mind lias, from his earliest years, always been in this direction. He has given himself a thor- ough training and practice at the bar, on the stump and on all those varied occasions when a public- speaker is called upon to address the people. This natural talent, thus trained, has made him a clear-cut, incisive and polished orator, who never fails to hold and impress his audience. It can be said of him, what can be said of very few men, he excels in advocacy and general oratory. His arguments before juries best illustrate bis power as a speaker, while his public addresses exhibit his peculiar charm as an orator. As an advocate he ranks among the first in the New Hampshire bar. As an ora- tor he compares favorably witli our best public speak- ers. He has held various important offices in the line of his profession. In 1876 he was appointed by Governor Cheney county solicitor for Hillsborough County, and was subsequently re-elected twice to that office by the people, the constitution in the mean time having been changed so as to make the office elective instead of ap- pointive. He held this office in all seven years, and dis- charged the difficult and delicate duties of a prosecu- ting officer in a large county ably and satisfactorily. In February, 1881, he was appointed United States district attorney for New Hampshire, and in Febru- ary, L885, wa> reappointed to that office, which be still holds, bringing to the performance of its duties the same zeal ami fidelity which be does to all his professional labors. Mr. Burns has been a life-long Republican. His father, Charles A. Burns, was an active and prominent anti-slavery worker in that little band of anti-slavery agitators which existeil in Milford. Young Burns when a boy was brought in contact with such men as Parker Pillsbury, Wendell Phillips, William Lloyd Garrison and Fred Douglass, and imbibed the senti- ments with which they were animated, so that by force of these influences he was naturally a Republican, welcoming this party as the means to carry out the principles of emancipation and freedom. When quite young his interest in the Republican cause, together with his aptitude for public speaking, led him to take the stump for his party. For years he has performed in this way the most efficient ser- vice for the Republican party, and to-day is one of its ablest and most eloquentstump-speakers. Mr. Burns was elected county treasurer of Hillsborough County in 1864 and 1865. He was also a member of tin- New Hampshire State Senate in 1ST:: ami again in 1879, and in both years was chairman of the judiciary committee took a prominent part in directing and shaping the and legislation of those years, lie was appointed by Governor Head, in 1879, on his stall, judge advocate- general, with the rank of brigadier-general. He was a delegate-at-large to the National Repub- lican Convention at Cincinnati in 1876, and repre- sented the New Hampshire delegation on the com- mittee on resolutions. He was one of the three New Hampshire delegates who strenuously opposed Mr. Blaine's nomination for President, at first voting for Mr. Bristow and finally for Mr. Hayes. He was selected to preside at the Republican State Convention, held at ( loncord September 10, 1878, and upon assuming the chair made one of his character- istic speeches. The speech was delivered just after the Greenback party had won a victory in Maine, and the public mind was full of false theories, and the high ground taken by the speaker in favor of honest money and national faith created a deep im- pression throughout the State. It was everywhere commended as a strong, forcible presentation of the issues of the hour. Mr. Burns is a man of scholarly tastes and habits ; he has a fine law library, one of the best in the State, and a choice and valuable col- lection of miscellaneous books. He is an honorary member of the New Hampshire Historical Society, and also of the New England Historical and I reneal ogical Society. In 1874, Dartmouth College con- ferred upon Mr. Burns the honorary degree of A.M. He is a life-long and prominent Mason, ha\ tng taken thirty-two degrees in that order. He has also (>.-.- u master of the lodge with which he is connected. Mr. Burns was united in marriage with Sarah N. Mills, of Milford, N. H., upon his twenty-first birth- day, January 19,1856,bj whom he has had eight chil- dren, four of whom are now living, — two sons and two daughters. His oldest son, Arthur H., a high-minded young man of fine character and great promise, died in 1S77, when only twenty years of age, a great loss to his parents ami to the community in which he lived, by whom he was universally loved and respected. Mr. Burns has a fine homestead in Wilton, in which and all its surroundings he very properly takes great pride and pleasure. To his wife, his family and his home he has ever been loyally and devotedly attachei 1 On the twenty-fifth anniversary of his wedding his friends to a large number met at his house to celebrate with him that occasion. It was a notable gathering. Governor Head ami many other prominent persons were present and celebrated with his friends that event with good cheer, with the giving of many valuable presents ami by appropriate speeches, expressive of their regard and appreciation of tie lives and char- acter of Mr. Burns and his wile, and by other appro- priate literary exercises. The engraving in this "History of Hillsborough County," which accompanies this sketch of his life, is from a photograph taken January 19, 1885, the day he was fifty years of age. HISTORY OF MANCHESTER. CHAPTER I. Geographical— Indian Occupancy— The First Settlements— Names of Pioneers— The Fisheries— Biographical Notices of Earl} snil. i- Manchester lies in the eastern part of the county, and is bounded as follows : On the north by Merrimack County, on the east and south by Rockingham County, and on the west by Bedford and Goffstown. This territory was originally occupied by the Am- oskeag Indians, a tribe subject to the Penacooks, who dwelt around Amoskeag Falls. The Indians, however, did not remain here until the advent of the white settlers. Probably forty years elapsed after the red man left his much-loved fisheries at the falls be- fore the white man became a permanent resident. The First Settlement— To John Gotfe, Jr., Ed- ward Lingfield and Benjamin Kidder is ascribed the honor of having been the first white settlers within the limits of the present town of Manchester. They located in 1722 and erected habitations on Cohas Brook. The excellent fisheries at this point Boon attracted the attention of other enterprising pioneers, and not many years elapsed ere the locality witnessed a large (for that early day) influx of settler.-, anxious to rear their homes at the " fishing at Ammosceeg." Among these were John McNeil, Archibald Stark. Benjamin Hadley, Benjamin Stevens, Nathaniel .Martin, Eph- raim Hildreth. Charles Emerson, William l'erham, Benjamin Kidder, Benjamin Blodgett, John Ridell, Alexander McMurphy, Jr., John Hall, Thomas Hall, Michael McClintock, David Dickey, William Gam- ble, Robert Anderson, Barber Leslie, William Nutt. Of these early settlers nearly all were active, en- terprising men, while some were possessed of marked ability, and subsequently became thoroughly identi- fied with the public enterprises of their day in this section of the Merrimack Valley. Many of these early settlers were from Londonderry, and were of Scotch-Irish extraction. JOHN GoFFEwas an influential man in the new- settlement, and had a son John, who became a distin- guished officer in the French and Indian War. BENJAMIN Kidder doubtless came here about 40 b 1722 with his father-in-law, John Gotfe, as he was a grantee of Londonderry in that year. He probably was originally of Billerica. He entered in the com- pany under the famous Captain Lovewell, in the ex- pedition against Pequauquauke, and while on the march, and in the neighborhood of Ossipee Lake, was taken sick. It is probable that he did not long sur- vive the hardships and exposures of this expedition. His sou, John Kidder, was named as a legatee in the will of hi- grandfather, John Gotfe. Esq., made in 1748. Edward Lingfield. — Of Edward Lingfield very little is known. He married a daughter of John Gotfe. Esq., and settled here about 1722. He was a corporal in Lovewell's expedition, was one of the thirty-four men who marched from Ossipee Lake to Pequauquauke, and took part in that famous battle, where he (ought with great bravery. He was One of the nine men in that battle "who received ii" consid- erable wounds." Alter his return from that expedi- tion he received an ensign's commission as a reward of his heroic conduct in the battle of Pequauquauke. Archibald Stark was born at Glasgow, in Scotland, in 1693 Soon after graduating at the university he moved t.. Londonderry, in the north of Ireland, be- coming what was usually denoted a " Scotch-Irish- nian." There he was married to a poor, but beautiful Scotch girl, by the name of Eleanor Nichols, and emi- grated to America. He at lirst settled in Londonderry, where he remained umil some time in 17.%, when, hav- ing his house burned, he removed to that porti if laud upon the Merrimack then known as Harrytown, upon a lot that had been granted to Samuel Thaxter by the government ot' Massachusetts, and which was situated upon the hill upon the east bank of the Merrimack, a short distance above the falls of Na- maoskeag. Here he resided until his death. An educated man, Stark must have had a strong desire that his children should enjoy the advantages of an education; but in a wilderness surrounded by sav- ages, and upon a soil not the most inviting, the suste- nance and protection of his family demanded his attention rather more than their education. His children, however, were instructed at the fireside in MANCHESTER. II the rudiments of an English education, and such principles were instilled into them as, accompanied with energy, courage and decision of character, made them fit actors in the stirring events of that period. His education fitted him rather lor the walks of civil life; but yet we find him a volunteer for the protection of the frontier against the ravages of the Indians in 1745 ; and for the protection of tin people in this immediate neighborhood, a fort was built at the outlet of Swager's or Fort Pond, which, out of compliment to Mr. Stark's enterprise in building and garrisoning the same, was called Stark's Fort. Mr. Stark had seven children, — four sons ami three daughters. His four sons — William, John, Archi- bald and Samuel — were noted soldiers in the Indian ami French wars, and the three oldest had distin- guished themselves as officers in the notable corps of Rangers prior to their father's death. The second -on, John, became the famous partisan officer in the Revolution, and as a brigadiei won unfading laurels at the battle of Bennington. Mr. Stark died the 25th day of June, 1758, aged sixty-one years. John Hall came to this country probably after 1730. He tarried some time in Londonderry, and then moved upon a lot of land near the west line of Chester, and in that part of the town afterwards set off to form the town of Derryfield. He was an en- ergetic business man, and for a series of years trans- acted much of the public business of this neighbor- hood and town. He kept a public-house until his death. The original frame house built by him, but added to according to business and fashion, until little of the original eould be recognized, was stand- ing until 1852, when it was destroyed by lire. It bad always been kept as a public-house, and generally by some one of the name. Mr. Hall was the agent of tic inhabitants for obtaining the charter of Derryfield in 1751, and was the first town clerk under that charter. He was elected to that office fifteen years, ami in one and the same year was moderator, first selectman ami town clerk. William Gamble am. Michael McClintock:. — William (iambic came to this country in 17^l'. aged fourteen years. He and two elder brothers, Archi- bald and Thomas, and a sister, Mary, started to- gether for America, but the elder brothers were pressed into the British service upon the point of sailing, leaving the boy William and hi- sister to make the voyage alone. William was saved from the press-gang alone by the ready exercise of " woman's wit." The ( rambles had started under the protection of Mr. and Mrs. Michael McClintock, who resided in the same neighborhood, and were about to emigrate to New England. Upon witnessing the seizure of the elder brothers, Mrs. McClintock called to William Gamble, "Come here, Billy, quickly," and upon Billy approaching her, she continued, " Snuggle down here, Billy," and she hid him under the folds of her capacious dress! There he re- mained safely until the gang had searched the house. for the boy in vain, and retired in high dudgeon at their ill success. I'pon coming to this country the McClintocks came to Londonderry. They were industrious, thriv- ing people, and Michael and William, his .on, built the first bridge across the ('oboes, and also another across the Little ('oboes, on the mail from Ainos- keag to Derry. These bridges were built in 1738, and were probably near where bridges are now main- tained across the same streams on the "obi road to Derry." Tin- McClintocks were voted twenty shil- lings a year for ten years for the use of these bi idges, William Gamble, upon his arrival in Boston, went to work on the ferry from Charleston to I'.oston. Here he remained two years. During the Indian War of 1715 he joined several "scouts," and upon the com- mencement of the "Old French War," in 1755, hav- ing lost his wife, he enlisted in the regular service, and was in most of the war, being under Wolfe on the " Plains of Abraham." John McNEiLcame to Londonderry with the firs! emigrants in 171!). The McNeils of Scotland and in the north of Ireland were men of known reputation for bravery, and Daniel McNeil was one of the Council of the city of Londonderry, and has the honor, with twenty-one others of that body, of withstanding the duplicity and treachery of Lundy, the traitorous Governor, and affixing their signatures to a resolu- tion to standby each other in defense of the city, which resolution, placarded upon the market-house ami read at the head of the battalions in the garrison, led to the successful defense of tin' city. John McNeil was a lineal descendant of this councilor. Becoming involved in a quarrel with a person of distinct ion in his neighborhood, who at- tacked him in the highway, McNeil knocked him from his horse, and left him to be cared for by his re- tainers. This encounter, though perfectly justifi- able on the part of Mr. McNeil, as his antagonist was the attacking party, made his tarry in Ireland unpleasant, if no! unsafe, and he emigrated to America, and settled in Londonderry. Here he es- tablished a reputation not only as a man of courage !'iii one of great strength, and neither white or red man upon the borders dared to risk a hand-to-hand encounter with him. Measuring six feet and a half in height, with a corresponding frame, and stern, un- bending will, he was a fit outpost, as it were, of civilization, ami main are the traditions of his per- sonal encounters during a long ami eventful border life. His wife. Christian, was well mated with him of strong frame and great energy and courage. It is related that upon one occasion a stranger came to the door and inquired for McNeil. Christiana told him that her " gude mon " \\a- not at home. I'pon which the stranger expressed much regret. ( "hii-tiana inquired as to the business uj which he came, 42 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. and the stranger told her he had heard a great deal of the strength of McNeil and his skill in wrestling, and he had come some considerable distance to throw kirn. "And troth, mon," said Christiana McNeil, "Johnny is gone, but I'm notthe woman to Bee ye disappointed, an' 1 think it ye '11 try mon, I'll throw j e meself." The stranger, not liking to be thus ban- tered by a woman, accepted the challenge, and, sure enough, Christian tripped his heels and threw him upon the ground. The stranger, upon getting up, thought he would not wait for "Johnny," hut hit without deigning to leave his name. The Fisheries at Amoskeag.— At the time the white settlers located along the Merrimack the fish- eries at Amoskeag Falls had became famous through theadjacent country. Here salmon, shad, thealewite and lamprey eel ' were found in great abundance. In a journal kept by Hon. Matthew Patten, of Bed- ford, is the following entry : great importance ,],, -tisljin- at Ami,,,,* ,-..g ' „.,. nnsidered l.v the ndonderryjand it was natural thai , „,i ,,.. .„„„„. "us in maintaining their claim tu the lands adjacent. \cc. find their claim to the lands and the subject of the fish, , , with them matters acted upon in their town-meetings at an earlj date U""h " nw 1 1'1" uad move ,on these landsprobablj forthe l""l'"- '' !'■■ Idi,„ I i'l , ..,,-hiwtt., -hi claiming P. a In,., three mil.-, east el the Merrimack l.v her charter. This was a Berii us mattei for the people of Londonderry, and in the warrant for a town ,,„,',,,,.. heann, date .laimar.v .«. IToiKSl, there was the following arti. I. '"llthly. To see whether they will allow a Lawyer to be consulted abonl those persons thai are settlingai imm ,.' And at the meet- ing this arte 1. was thus disposed of,— " ' llthly. Voted that they are willing to leave the consulting of a law- omosi eeg to the eelei t- yer about the settlement that "1759, June 8-9.— Fished al Namoskeag Falls andgol 120 shad and 1 gave Koherl McMurphy 1" of them, and I get I shad and 1 small sallilui for my part from the setting-place. Wm. Peters fished halves." his '• History of Manche Says Judge Potter, ter"— "The Ashing at Amoskeag was of the greatest importance to the peo- ple. Tradition has it that the Rev ii, M. . .,.,..,,. ,A ,,. ,},,. ,;, ,t ,„.,.,.,, of the Londonderry settlement to visit the Falls, led thithe, l.y enriositv, and prompted by information obtained at Andover as to their grandeur and the abundance oi Bah to be found near them at certain seasons ol theyear. From this fact originated the custom of pi Oregore and his successors the first fruits of the fishing season. The first fish caught tvj any man of Londonderry, salmon, shad, alswifeor eel, was reserved as a gift to ' the minister.' " u ' ■ll!l " "29a road was laid out and built from N'inian Cochran's bouse tin Londonderry), ' then keeping by or near the old path to Am- niosceeg Kails.' And another i.<„i «... laid out at the same time inter- secting the 'Ammosceeg road,' lor the aci imodation of other sections ol the town. This undertaking of building a road some ten miles through the wilderness. i„ the infancy of that colonj showsofhovi "our lathers treasured the slimy prize : They loved the eel as their very eyes And of one 'tis said, with a shmder rife, For a string of e< 1- he - .1 ' From the eels they formed their food in . In. i. And eels were .tilled ' Lierr,,jiel.l , llld the marks of eels wele so pi;,,,, ,,, ,,,,, ,.. That the children looked like eels in the |.„ „ : Vnd before they walked, it is well confirmed, That the children i i crept, but tquu mei i.|uirmers wield And their only wish, and their only prayei for thepr nt world and the world Was a »,,-.„.. . ,„,„ ... .... /,,!.,„ h,, Willi mi SI.,,/,, ,, ,.: „/ u„ , IS appointed fol the defence of the propriety "Itisnotkaown what action was take, I., tie -, I. . „,,. n and eoinm'tttee upon the matter; hut,, is to be inferred, as the record the subject, thai no legal action was taken at that time. Th ^'"■"I'.i-etl .tinned I ,„,, the land- in tin- ,,, ,^1,1.,.,1 1,,,,,. '""■'''' '""' " bprobahl. that -..me of them had a com iso ,.,- ''"" ll,,ln f""" time under the authority of then •.., ,,„„„,„ | ,„,, , such circumstances it is probable that after 'consulting a lawyei 'the people of Londonderry concluded to take quiet possession of the land and "'"' ""' resu" "<"•■■ liearine about to he had in Knuland ..- In the .i..nn-.,t Massachusetts. That the people of Londonderry control of the business here is shown by the r. ,1- ,,t the following yen, "herein is found the warrant, one article of which ■ 4tl.lv. To s.-e whether they will heat the expense of two ca - to lie kept at Aiuinosce.-e for the safety of the people at the fishing.' " On the day of the meeting, April 22, 1731, the followin "•iihly. That in order to the safety of town'speople at the fishing at Aniinosceeg the selectmen i- empowered to all., wand pay out of the publi. change oi rates of the town three pounds in Bills ol credit tosuch person Ol persons as shall be obliged to make tw-.. j 1 -,ui the selectmen ..bl^ii,, ti„. ,u.., e-aid' undertakers to serve u,.. Inhabi- tant! "f the town the whole time fishing before any out tow a - people and shall not exceed one shill pr hundred for all the fish that the, sh,.li '"'" ov, . from the tslands and the ownei of the fish and his attendants .s to be ferried bai kwards and forwards at free cost." The whites took the fish with spears, scoop-nets and seines, and in large quantities; so that people coming from the surrounding country with their wagons and carts could get them filled sometimes for the carting the shad away, to make room for the sal- "• :""1 always for a mere trilling price. Immense quantities of shad were taken at one haul or drag of the seine. The New Hampshire Gazette of May 23, 17(30, has the following item under its editorial head : "on,- day last »e,-k, was li-awn by a net at one Draught, Two Thou- sand Five hundred odd Shad Fish, out of the River Merrimack near Bed- ford, in this Province. Thought remarkable by some people." Among the names given to the various fishing-]. lacs were the following: Eel Falls, Fire Mill, Todd Gut, Buss Ray's Hooking-Place, South Cut. Thompson Place, Watching Falls, Little Pulpit, Mudget Place, Slash Hole, Point Rock, Black Rock, Swine's Baek| Snapping-Place, Pulpit, Racket's Stand. Sullivan's Point, Crack in the Rock, Bat Place, Dalton Place, Puppy Trap, Pot Place, Patten Rock. Setting Place,' Maple Slump, fl,,. Colt, Salmon Rock, Eel Trap! Salmon Cut, Mast Rock. MANCHESTER. CHAPTER II. M LNCHESTER. {Continued.) The French and Indian War— A Fort Built— Names of Soldiers from Derryfield— Captain <;..tt. and I -tli.-l^ — Henytiel.l Men ati'l-avn Point als.> at Fort William Henry— War of the Revolution— First Action of the Town— Derryfield Men at Lexington— Names of It. \ nlntionai \ Soldiers— Major-General John Stark— Sketch of His Life— Burial- Place. DrRiNG the French and Indian War. which began in 174(5, the settlers of Amoskeag took an acl ive pari and a fort iva< erected a) ilic outlet of what is now Xutt's Pond. There wen: soldiers from this town also in the French war in 1755, this locality sending three companies. These were commanded by Captains Goffe and Moor, of Derryfield, and the oilier by Cap- tain Rogers, of what is now Dunbarton. The roll of Captain Gone was as follows : John Goffe, captain; Samuel M ■.lieutenant; Nathaniel M.utain, ensign; Jonathan Corlis, sergeant ; .1 ui Hastings, Bergeant j John Goffe, Jr., sergeant ; Thomas Merrill, clerk; Samuel Uartain, corpora] John Moor, corporal ; Joshua M.irt.iin. ...ipnal; It- ■■■ .nnn Eastman, corporal; Benjaniiu Kidder, do i; J..-.ph t. ' ■ I; !■'! Benjamin Hadley, Thomas George, [srael I ..J - ih I: ■ II, W liam Kelley, Joseph Merrill, Panel < n I -. I '■ Da llM tain, Jacoh Silliway, Stephen George, David Nott, l: bert Nutt, oIm.1i.-iIi Hawes, David Willson, William Ford, laron ibj Na n ■ Tle-ni.i- M I.aughlin, John Litt.ll, Wdli.ui \1 I1... R I- ' H I ■ John Wortly, Benjamin Vickery, William Barron, Nathaniel Smith, William Walker, David Welch, Caleb Daulton, .la Petters, Aaron Copps, Jacob Jewell. Ehenezer Martain, John Hurw 1, Ainu/inh Ilil- dreth, John Kidder, John Rowell and Thomas Woilly. Captain Moor's roll was as follows : John Moor, captain ; Antony Eniary, lieurenant ; Alexander Todd, ensign: Matthew Read, sergeant; Thomas Bead. Bergeant; James Moor, sergeant ; William Spo.U, -. l jo.ia! l:.'e],:. 1 ^t.o 1, IM 1 ViUl- nel McDuffy, corporal; John Rickey, corporal ; John Spe&i or] ral Robert I tthran, Theophalas Harvey, Barber Lealy, William Campble, James Onail, Robert Tawddle, John McCordy, Thomas Gregg, Joshua Rowlings, Tli ana- II ntcli i ngs, Rol.olt Edwards, Edward rains, \l.\an- derMcCIary, Robert Smith, David Vance, Robert Kennade, Robert M. - Keen, James Bean, John Cunningham, Samuel Boyde, John Crage, James ' mghterson, Michael Johnson, John I - gan, Robert Morre], John McNight, John Welch, Ja I .. I I hn Mitchel, Daniel Toword, Ess Stevens, Hoi. Ci I Karj Samuel Miller, Edward Bean, Wil- liam Kenniston, .lames I'.al.v. Nathalie I M. K u v. The following, mostly from this neighborhood, were at the battle of Lake George, and were subsequently known as the " Rangers : " Robert Rogers, captain; Richard Rogers, lieutenant ; Noah Johnson, ensign ; James Archibald, sergeant ; John McCurdy, Bergeant ; Janes McNeal, corporal ; Nathaniel Johnson, eorpornl ; John Michel, Isaac Colton, James Henry. James Clark, Fimothj Hodad&ee, John Wadleigh, Stephen Young, Joshua Titwood. .1 .m. vie.' I a, .than Silaway, John Brown, Elisha Bennett, Rowling Foal I lames Mo] gan, James Welch, Matthew Christopher, James Simonds, I baxiesDnd- ley, John Kiser, John Hartman, John Frost, James Mars, Samuel Letch, David Nutt, William McKeen, Nathaniel Smith, Philip Wills, William Cunningham, William Aker, John Leiton, William Wheeler, Sil i Toby, Benjamin s.|iiniit..n, I'il.h Simpson, 1'iller Mahanton. A regiment of New Hampshire men was raised for the expedition to Crown Point in 1756, of which John Goffe was ma or. The company from this locality was as follows : Nathaniel Mar ton. lieutenant ; Thomas Meri'el, scrotal lieutenant ; John Goffe, Jr., ensign ; Samuel Martain, sergeant ; Joseph Eastman, ser- geant; Ebenezer Martain. sergeant; Thomas McLaughli John Wortly, corporal ; John Straw, corporal ; Jacob Jewell, cor] I : Josiah Canfield, corporal ; Benjamin Kidder, drummer; Joseph Ordway, Joseph Oeo]o,., IVnniinih Hn.llv, Thomas lie. age, William Koneston, I'anl l'ouler, plainer II. ell. v. John r.,«l. ,. !•.■■, n M ...... Joel Maniiucl, The following company of Derryfield men were at the siege of Fort William Henry: Richard Emaiy, captain: Nathaniel M.utain. tii-t lieillenanl ; Pal- lata Russell, se. 1 lieutenant; John M i, ensign ; Darby Kelley, -•■i i - ph Peara :.-. sergeant; Benjamin Kidder, Sr., sergeant ; John Lull. .-■■■'. : i ■■ .. ■ - l erl Mur :■■■ k. corporal : Mi. ...i.h \\ win. . .a pot., I . .l..|,n lint, h- u-oii. ■ Berry, drummei ; Josiah Bean, Jonathan Prescutt, Benjamin Roberts, I. ho M I..sepli \\ he hei w.e.l. Jam. - I'linhip. I..i\. ,.i.l l: .,:. \\ . . liatn I'.at. holder. Edward I 'J it. hel, J,.-eph II illayord, Eleue/.i Uut.l.eii- bou, Samuel Hardie, Henry Hutchenson, Joseph Ekerson, J ithan Me|. hel Clough, fill, Jol. John Merrill, .lame- Patt. i-,.u, B.nja {■■'.:, I .1 u.e - 1'it. I., I id Blanch. ltd, Timothy Bui on. William Butter- . i V Calley, Si u I Gibson, Thomas I. >. i -■ I i Sim a M. ..,...,,,, p...,- Bnasell, Samuel Chase, John Davis, Benjamin Davia,;William Hutchenson, David Parker, Henry Parker, William Sil- !..,-, I ' \. ■ : i I' Alleni. William l>loile,ht, I.a/ - !:■■"■■, Haiii.1 loihnj, M. pi Inian. Iu-tiam l.iiiiml.y, John Sandhurne, Gideon ^ J. Si I Voiing, Stephen Webster, S..I..111..11 Prescntt, in... . p., i . e . Nero, John Corlis, David Nutt, Ebenezer Coar- stoti, .M I h,i- . John Slell, .In, ..I. Pa id u ham. Pal lick < hull The first vote of the town in relation to the War 01 the Revolution was under date of January 2,1775, when it was voted to call a meeting on the 16th of tin- same month, — "21y. To see it the town will .hose a man or men as Deputies to go to Exeter the J'.tli Hay of January Instant, in Behalf of said town in or- der to meet with the I'cputiea tiom tin- Neiglihoring Towns in said Province." At this meeting it was "Voted on the second article, not to send a man to Exeter, but that the Selectmen send a Letter to said Exeter, and insert in said Letter that the said town will bear their Equal proportion of money that shall here- afterarise towards paying the cost of the. General Cor i other town in the Province." There were thirty-four men from Derryfield in the battle of Lexington, and there were but thirty-six men in the entire town capable of bearing arms. The names of the- soldiers have not been procured, but the subjoined tax-list of Derryfield lor 1 7 7 "> Bhows that a large majority of the tax-payers were of the volunteers : .t. q. "f'onl. John Goffe 0 19 I 0 John Rand, Esnr 0 13 8 0 Maj. John Moot's 3 13 5 2 Ensin. Samuel Moors II 111 11 2 Capt. Nathaniel Merton " :'. 6 0 William Nutt 0 9 9 2 Timothy Mertion 0 3 n 0 John Griffen 0 10 .r. 5 John Griffen, Junr 0 :: 0 0 Benjamin Baker. 0 S 0 2 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Benjamin Baker, Junr 0 :'. 0 " Johanathan Merrell 0 5 0 2 Jesse Baker 0 '■> 0 0 Joseph Gorge 0 10 2 0 Abrham Merrell 0 16 9 2 Abrham Merrill, .Iiinr II 0 0 2 David Merrell 0 :) 8 0 Joseph Grilfen 0 I Ezekiel Stavens 0 11 s 2 Joseph farmer 0 :l 0 " Isaac farmer 0 3 0 0 Widow Sarah Unas II 4 11 0 Robert Clark 0 6 - 0 John Reay 0 1 0 0 Conl. John Stark 0 15 0 0 David farmer h :: 0 0 Levt. James mc (.'alley 0 7 6 0 Esin Samuel Stark " 6 10 2 Robert mc Night 0 3 u 0 David mc Night » ■". 0 0 Darnel Blodget, Litchfield 0 1 » 0 Joshua Blodget, Litchfield « 4 I 2 Capt. William Parham 0 10 0 0 John Parham 0 10 0 Ebenezer Coster 0 r, C 0 Charts Eamerson 0 10 ."• 0 Charts Eamerson, Junr 0 3 6 0 Gorge Eamerson u 1 6 0 John Harvey 0 19 2 2 William Parham, Junr 0 10 0 Micheal mc Clintock 0 I I 2 James Pairces 0 s 11 o Capt. Alexander mc Murphey 0 12 4 0 Benjmen Crombie ... 0 7 :. n Moses Crombie 0 '■> 6 0 F-iu. Samuel Iinyd 0 8 3 2 Esin. Natheniel Boyd 0 6 3 0 Widow Margaret Boyd 0 5 1 2 John Dickey 0 8 0 2 William Gemble 0 11 2 2 Robert Cuningham 0 1 2 0 David Starret ii 11 4 0 John Hall 0 7 3 2 Daniel Hall 0 8 0 2 Sergl Ebnezer Stivns 0 9 7 2 Hugh thompson 0 3 10 " Benjmen I'ilsl.nry 0 3 6 0 thomas Numan ... 0 3 1 0 .1,,-rj Masten, K:l!,.i-I.iivii (I 0 8 0 JamesLagon, Londonderry 0 0 8 0 Rob] i mc < llouer, Lond let ry 0 0 4 0 Alexander Irving n :; 6 0 ' easer Written. 0 1 0 0 ■■ Joseph Georci , ' . , " SlJII EL Si IKK, | " l;., Misled this j itb day u! Ii.-ieinlier, 177.~>. "John Ball, Ifi Stark was at work in his saw-mill, tit the head of tlif Amoskeag Falls, when he heard this news, ami without a moment's delay he shut down the gate of his mill, repaired to his house, took his gun ami am- munition, mounted his horse in his shirt-sleeves, as he came from the mill and rode on to unit the enemy. As he journeyed on he left word for volunteers to meet him at Medford, and without delay made the best of his way to Lexington. On his entire route his force continually increased, so that on (he following morning, when In- arrived tit Lexington, he had tit his command a large force of "backw Ismen." 'fin town Committee of Safety, in t77->, consisted of John Harve, Lieutenant James McCalley, Samuel Boyd, Ensign Samuel Moors and John Hall. "Colony of New Hampshire, etc. — Cohuittee of Safety. " To the Selectmen of DerryfieM : In order to carry the underwritten re- solve of the Honorable Continental Congress into execution, you are re- quested to desire all Males, above twenty-one years of age (lunatics, idiots :i|i I : i - ■ ■ ■ l - ■ ■ 1 ;- - I. I ii Mi. .1. , :n. H -I Iln- |U|-'i , uti'i Mlii-U so done, to make return thereof, together w ith tin' name or names of all who shall refuse t.i sign tin- same, to tin- Genera] assembly or Committee of Safety of this Colony. '■ M WeAHE, ' liairman. •■ l\ I mm. Kiss, M„,;-h 1 t. 177'C /.Vs../iv'?, That it tic rec.-imnicndcd t" I In- several Assemblies, Conven- tions and Councils- or Committees of Safety of tin- United States imme- diately tn ran si- all persons to be disarmed, within their l.-sp. . I i \ .- c,,l... nics, who arc notoriously disaflecteil to tin- cause of America, or who have not associated and refuse to associate In defend by Arms the United Colonies against the hostile alti-lnpls of the Ihitish Fleets and Armies. i ,;i, i from the minutes, ■■ I'll 1 n l l - I'll, Ml'- .V s. ,.,, | ,,;/ "In consequence of the ahove Resolution of the < kmtinental Congress, ale! I- -hoc mil determination in joining our American brethren in de- fending the lives, lili.-rticsand properties of the inhabitants v( the United i mImiii,-, U , , tin- Subscribers, do heri-iiy solelulity engag-- anil |,i,,iin-o .that we will, to the utmost of out power, at tin- risk of our liv. s ami for tunes, with arms, oppose the hostile prm lings of the Urilish Fleets and Armies a-amsl (1,.. United \inericali Colonies." This was signed by the following persons, and duly returned by the selectmen : ' John Hall. T! :.s Newman. David Merrill. William McClintock. John Goffe. ioJiMil Cunningham. s.it i Boyd, Michael McClintock. David Starret. John Perbam. Benja. Baker. William I'.i Ii.iiii Simon Lull. Ebenezer Stevens. Daniel Hall. John Dickey. John Kami. Al. xr. McMurphy, Charles Emerson. Benjamin < Irombie Will..,.,, \,;h John Harvey. George Greaham. William Gambell. Abraham Merrill Jonathan Merrill. Moses Merrill. John Russ. i .Merrill. John Ray. Nathaniel Boyd. Robert ci. ok Joseph I leorge James Gorman. John Grifen Moses Crombey. John Moor. "Colony of New Hampshire, June 1st, Hay, 177c. To the Hon. Mr. Weare, Chearman, this is to certify that we the subscribers has Presented tin- Within Declaration to the Inhabitants nt snid Town and they Have nit. si a, ,1 s n,i Declaration, which we in our Judgment thought had a right to Sign tin- Same. " Certified by us. .lunel, 177l>, the following persons were in the army from Derryfield : Colonel John Stark, Captain .1, lin \l , Captain James McCalley, Captain Alex- ander McMurphy, Captain Nathaniel Martin, Ben- jamin Baker, Nathaniel Baker, Ebenezer Costor, Timothy 1 lew, Samuel Harvey. — more than one fourth of the inhabitants of the town " tit to Bare arms." MANCHESTER. 15 In 1777 a bounty of eight dollars was voted to each man who should enlist for a term of three years The tax-list was as follows : ^ " Michael McClintock 1 - "' Barber Lessly l " 8 William Parham Junior * « ° John Hervey 4 9 T Charles Emerson - ,T ' Capt. William Pal-ham - ls '' Levt. John Parham Ebenezei Coster l 15 z ,, n| lmin pnsburey ° M '"' *•. ':' B l Brtvd" ''.''.' 2 3 7 Juim Dickey ° - William Gambell 3 14 2 Th us Newman ' 2 " Timotliy Dow " ,:' 8 James Gorman -' " 7 George Graham ° ls - Ceazer Griffen l 21 ' Alexander Ii wing 0 16 0 .1,,,, l ] on of Londonderry " 5 2 William McClintock 3 6 ,J Jol m. .in , 1 6 0 Nathaniel Mertain 0 18 2 ,| I nbie 1 » * Samuel Morrson 1 " '" William Page of Londonderry " - s David Farmer 0 18 2 Hugh Thompson ' v- i; John Hughs 2 8 2 Joseph Sanders 1 ■'■ 4 Nathaniel Merrill " l:' * Daniel Blodget, Litchfield " " ln Conl. John Goffe 3 3 4 John Rand, Esqr ] ,; " 5Lij. John Moore 4 ' f' Capt. Samuel Moor 4 7 2 James Mcnight 0 15 8 William Nutt - 13 4 Joseph Griffen "- u s Jol fen 2 0 4 Benjamin Baker 2 17 2 Joseph G ge - ] " Abraham Merrill :; ' ' ' Ensin Abraham Merrill 1 I3 2 Ezekiel Stavens 3 12 - Joseph Fa r 3 10 S WidowandJohn Russ 1 W II John Raj ° '' '' Conl. John Stark ' ''' Capt. J - Mcalley l ! ' Ensin. Samuel Stark 2 'J Jonathan Merrill ' 7 ' .1 Bal er " w ' Nathaniel Baker "15 1 '['I,, ,, ill as Grifin 0 18 I Levi Ehen. zer Stavens 2 17 . John Griffen, Junr 1 - Levt. John Hall 3 17 Daniel Hall David Starlet 15 7 Continental army, or the family of any other soldier who should need assistance. And the people were equally liberal on other occa- sions when acting individually. Thus, this same j eai they subscribed most liberally in aid of volunteers, although they had already submitted to a double tax. When the retreat from Ticonderoga was first heard of iii this town. Captain Nathaniel Martin, Theophi- lus Griffin, Nathaniel Baker, John Nutt, Enoch Harvey and David Farmer immediately volunteered and marched to Number Four. A contribution was made among the inhabitants for Martin, Griffin and Baker, and €4 LOs. were raised. Shu, after, when it was seen that an encounter with the British was inevitable in that quarter, and Stark was in need of troops, another contribution was made "to hold on John Nutt, Enoch Harvey, Theophilus Griffin and David farmer," and £44 LOs. were raised, and they •' held on " and participated with their neighbors in the glorious battle of Bennington. The loll. .wing is a list of those subscribing : "The ano.uit hereafter Sat Down is money payd by Individual In- habitants oi the Town of Derryfleld to th. .Soldi. .re Raised at Suudrj times for (Hit in on this unilateral ware from the first of September, 1770, and upwards is as follows : " Ezekiel Stavins paid to Enoch harvey for going • .v David Stater paid to Na thaniel Bakei ,1" John Parhain paid to Tiiii'.thj 13 I' A few months after, the town voted Colonel John Goffe a committee to furnish Robert McNight's fam- ily with proper provisions during his absence in the : paid by the Sunilrey persons hereafter Named to Nathaniel mart. tin, Theophilus liritlin .V N.i- thaniel Baker as voluntera wen they went to Noumber foui about the retreal fi Tj ar. e followetb : William Gamble " 6 " \:""'it'",liJ\ '.'.'.'.'.'. " 3 t Abraham merrill Junior " I " Capt. Samuel moore " 2 0 William Parham Junior 0 5 It James mc Night .... 0 3 6 Levi John Hall 0 3 6 .lame- Pairce u 3 " Ahrham Merrill " r' " Jonathan Merrill ° 3 " Ebenezr Stavens " Joseph Sanders " - u John Dickey ° John Hall Junior 0 2 6 Daniel Hall " - '■ Col. John Stark Capt. William Parham 0 6 0 William McClintock ' ' ' Col. John Goffe " ,; " „,,,! John harvey 0 1 8 'paid by Individuals to hold on John Enoch harvey, Theophilus Oiitlin a I'.o i. mer, wen they went with General stark i Battel at Benenton, are as followeth, (viz. HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. James Mi S ight 1 2 Blajr. John Moore '- William Nutt -' John Griffin 0 Benjamin Baker 1 Joseph George 0 'li ae Newman 0 Abraham Merrell 2 Joseph Farmer o Kiimi Samuel stark 0 Levt. John Hall 1 William Gamble 1 John Dickey 0 Capt. Alexr. nic murphy 1 Knsn. Samuel Boyil 1 Michael McClintock " William mcClintock 1 (apt. Wm. Parhani -' Charles Emerson 0 John Hervey 3 JuhnHugbs 1 James Pairce 0 David Starret 0 Zaccheus Richison 0 Moses Merrill 0 Capt. Samuel Moor 0 Kusn. Abraham Merrill 0 Ez.-ki.-l Stavins 2 Uaniel hall 0 Levt. John Parhani 1 James Garman 0 William Parhani, .lunr 1 .1. seph Sanders 0 Jonathan Merrill 0 Moses Crombie 0 Nathaniel Merrill ti The following sketches of Revolutionary patriots are taken from Judge Potter's "History of Man- chester." Major-Genekal John Stark was the third j son of Archibald Stark, Esq., one of the early settlers ' of Derryfield. His father was a man of education, and imparted to his children such instruction, and such principles at the fireside as few others upon the frontier were able to confer upon their children. Dur- ing Stark's boyhood the remnants of the Penuaeook Indians were still in the Merrimack Valley, and made Amoskeag their annual rendezvous during the fishing season, and, in fact, in the earlier Indian wars, some of them were employed as soldiers by our govern- ment, and were enrolled with other soldiers. In this manner, young Stark, a hunter from position and necessity, became well acquainted with the habits of the Indians. This knowledge gave him a superiority over most of his brother soldiers in the war with the Indians and French that followed. However, this knowledge would have been to no great purpose had it not been united in him with other qualities pecu- liarly befitting a soldier of those times. He was re- markable for the vigor and activity of the physical man, and hence for his capability in sustaining fa- tigue. Adding to these, quick perception, indomit- able energy and remarkable decision of character, he- was the soldier for the times in which be lived, and, in fact, such qualities are the elements of success at any and all times. His success as an officer in the noted Rangers of the Seven Years' War gave him a popu- larity among the i pleat large, and the soldiers in particular, that placed him in the front rank as a suc- cessful soldier upon the breaking out of the Revolution. It was this popularity among the soldiers that gained his services to the country, for if his appointment or promotion had been left to the politicians of the day, it is doubtful, from the way in which he was treated by them, whether he could have succeeded to any com- mand. Once at the head of a regiment, and in ser- vice, the battle-field told the story of his bravery. His brilliant achievements at Bunker Hill, Trenton, Princeton and Bennington are well known. Early in 1778 he repaired to Albany and assumed the command of the Northern Department, and re- mained there until ordered to join General Gates at Providence. He passed the winter in New Hampshire, in urging forward recruits and supplies, but in the spring joined General Gates at Providence. In November, by General Washington's orders, he joined him in New Jersey, and after a short time was sent by Washington to New England to make requi- sition for men and provisions. In 1780 he was with Washington atMorristown, and took part in the battle of Springfield. Soon after, he was ordered to New England, col- lected a body of militia, and marched them to West Point. General Stark was one of the court martial who decided the fate of Major Andre, and reluctantly, though in obedience to his duty, and for his country's advantage, favored the sentence of death upon that brave but unfortunate officer. In 1781 he again took charge of the Northern De- partment. The country was overrun with robbers and Tories, and he had but a weak and inefficient force, but bis strict discipline and stern justice dealt out to spies and Tories soon brought things into better order. The capture of Lord Cornwallis brought the war to a close, but General Stark was ordered to New Hamp- shire for men and supplies. The most of 1782 he was afflicted with a rheumatic complaint, brought on by long exposure, and was not able to join his command. In 1783, however, he joined Washington, and soon after aided by his counsels in allaying those feelings of disquiet excited by the treacherous Newburg letters among the officers and soldiers of the army. Upon news of peace, Stark bore the happy intelligence to New Hampshire, and forthwith retired to his farm at Derryfield to enjoy that repose he so much needed. But his active mind could not be at rest, and he en- gaged in all of those plans for the advantage of the 3*SL~- J^^^A MANCHESTER town and State which were so necessary to be matured and carried out by clear heads and strong nerves. The unjust claim ofthe Masonian proprietors to the lands betwixl a straight and a curve line,betwi en the northeast and the northwest corner bounds of the Masonian grant was first successfully opposed by him, and to his exertions it was mainly owing that the Legislature took the matter in hand, and established the claim of the State to the lands in question, thus quieting hundreds of small farmers in the possession of their lands, and in the end adding largely to the funds ofthe State. He was ever found upon the side of his country, and when, in 1786, discontent had ripened into open rebellion, and the Legislature had been surrounded by armed malcontents, the veteran Stark stood ready for the occasion, and would have volunteered his ser- vices had not the insurrection been repressed by the judicious councils and determined action of the gal- lant Sullivan, who was at that time, most opportunely, at the head of our State government. He refused all civil office that would take him from his home, but in his native town he was ready to serve his townsmen in any capacity where he could be of advantage, and that did not trespass too much upon his valuable time. Thus living not for himself alone, but for his country, the veteran Stark passed into the wane of life, ever taking, as long as life lasted, a lively interest in even- incident in our country's history. At length, suffering from the effects of a paralytic shock, at the extreme age of ninety-three years, eight months and twenty- two days, the old hero departed this life on Wednes- day, the 8th day of May, 1822. The Friday following his death his remains were interred, with military honors, in a cemetery he had inclosed upon his own farm, a large concourse of people being in attendance to witness the imposing ceremony, and pay their last respects over the body ofthe man who had contributed so largely in filling " the measure of his country's glory." The cemetery is situated upon a commanding bluff upon the east bank of the Merrimack, and over his remains his family have placed a plain shaft of granite, indicative alike of his simplicity and hardi- hood, upon which is inscribed " Maj. -General Stark." This simple stone points to his ashes alone, but his deeds are traced in deep-lined characters upon the pages of our country's history, while his memory is engraven upon the hearts of his countrymen. Such a name needs no other monument. Major Johx Moore. — He had been an officer in tin preceding French war, in which he had won the reputation of a man of courage andenergy. After the conquest of Canada he quietly settled down upon his farm atCohoes Brook. I'pon the news of the battle of Lexington he led his neighbors of Amoskeag to the scene of action, and on the 24th of April was commis- sioned liv the Committee ..I' Safety of' Massachusetts asa captain in Stark's regiment. Thomas McLaughlin, of Bedford, was commissioned as his lieutenant at the same time. He forthwith enlisted a company of fifty- seven men, mainly of Derryfield, Bedford and Goffs- town. 1 lis roll was as follows : Jutui M <\ iMptuin . Thomas Mrl.au-lilin. liinteiiaiit . NatliHi.i. I Javin, Clialk> Kln-l-eii, '■.-. i_. I ,, . ... n. Iregg, BeDjamio George, Jaiues Gledder, Stark, John Turner, John Wyer, Hugh Campbell, Alexandei Hutchin- -..II, W illiam Mi Cilu.o. .I.un.-- \i ...i. Three of the men joined the company at a subse- quent date, viz.: Samuel Patten, of Bedford, June 17th ; James Gibson, probably of Londonderry and John McMurphy of Derryfield, July Kith. Samuel Patten enlisted on the 17th, and, with the fifty-seven others enlisted on the 24th of April, participated in the battle of Bunker Hill. In that battle none did better service than Captain John Moore and his company of Amoskeag, as related elsewhere. On the 18th of June, the day following the battle, Captain Moore was complimented with a major's commission, to take the place in Stark's regiment of Major McClary, wdio had been killed in the battle of the day preceding. Lieutenant McLaughlin was promoted to the captaincy thus made vacant, and Sergeant Nathaniel Boyd, of Derryfield, was made lieutenant in his place. Major Moore remained with the army but a few months, when the state of his health obliged him to retire to his farm. He con- tinued, however, his active participation in all matters on foot in the town, county and State, to forward the- patriot cause, until his removal from the Slate, in 1778. In that year he moved to Norridgewock, in Maine, where he ever maintained a most respect- able position in life. He died in January, 1809. Major John Goffe was a son ofthe noted Colo- nel John Goffe, of Derryfield. He resided in Bedford, just across the Merrimack from his father. In the Seven Years' War he was a lieutenant in Captain Martin's company, in Goffe's regiment. At the close of the French war he returned to Bedford and resumed his occupation as a farmer and miller. He received a captain's commission from Gov- ernor Wentworth in 1764, and 17(18 was pro- moted to a majority. At the commencement of hostilities he volunteered, went to Cambridge, en- listed in Captain Moore's company as a private, ami was in the battle of Bunker Hill. In tin summer after, he left the army and returned home, his business requiring his presence. Several of hi- sons si rved in the War ofthe Revolution, and two of them lost their HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. lives in that struggle — Stephen being lost at sea, and William killed in an engagement. But in civil lilt- Major Goffe was active in the patriot cause, and was successful in furnishing recruits for the army. When General Stark called for more troops to assist in con- quering Burgoyne, Major Go tie at mice volunteered his services as a private, and marched to the conflict, thus favoring the great cause by precept and exam- ple. Of a truth, the good that such men do lives after them. He died at Bedford, aged eighty-five years. Lieutenant John Orr was of Bedford, where, at the commencement of the Revolution, he was a suc- cessful farmer. He volunteered under Stark in his ex- pedition to Bennington, and was appointed a lieu- tenant in Captain McConnelFs company, in Colonel Stickney's regiment. This regiment was one of the two that were scut against the Tory breast-work on the right of the enemy's works, south of the Hoosac. Early in the light Lieutenant Orr was wounded in the knee by a musket-ball. Unable to stand, he lay upon the ground some time before any one came to his assistance. Sergeant Griffin then came to him, and with the assistance of another soldier carried him to a place of safety, forced to drag him upon his back through a corn and flax-field to shun the sharpshoot- ersofthe enemy. From want of skill the fracture was not properly reduced; but employing a private sur- geon he began to mend, but was unable to be removed until February. On the 4th of that month he started for home, riding upon a bed in a sleigh, and reached home in ten days, after much suffering. He was una- bletostep till the October following, with crutches even. In the end he recovered his health, and though ever lame, was able to resume the active duties of life, lie was much in public business, anil tilled the offices of selectman, Representative and Senator in the State Legislature with credit to himself in town and district. Lieutenant Orr died in Bedford in Jan- uary, 1823, aged sixty-five years. Si RGEANT EpHRAIM STEVENS was another true soldier of Derryfield. He never knew fear. Whether driving the Hessians from their quarters, or attacking them without regard to disparity of numbers, as at Trenton, lit was the same dauntless man. He was one who "snuffed the battle from afar," and was ready to engage in it. When relating his affair at Trenton, in beating up the quarters of the Hessians, he was wont to say that the bayoneted Hessians, as they lay upon the floor, was the prettiest sight he ever saw. He was of powerful make, and had the reputation of being the "strongest man in the army." In the camp at Valley Forge, when, by the recommendation of the officers, the soldiers engaged in all manner of athletic sports, Sergeant Stevens was wont to "beat the ring" wrestling and lifting. The trial of strength was in shouldering and carrying of "oak huts;'' he could shoulder and carry the biggest "oak but of any man in the army." Such a man was invaluable as a soldier. Want of education prevented his promotion. After the close of the war Sergeant Stevens returned io Derryfield and became a successful tanner, lie died in lK-l.j, aged eighty-seven years. Sergeant Theophilus Griffin.— He was an- other brave soldier of Derryfield. He was with Stark at the battle of Trenton, and was one of the men who a>-i>te.l Stevens in adventure with the Hessians, before related. The most of the day he went bare- footed through the snow, throwing off his worthless shoes s i after commencing the pursuit of the re- treating Hessians, and this without a murmur. No man fought better than Theophilus Griffin; but he must have a leader. He jould execute, not direct. When the news came of the retreat from Ticonderoga he was one of the tirst to volunteer his services to meet tin' enemy, and was with Stark at Bennington, where, in addition to lighting bravely, he assisted with the greatest hazard in carrying Lieutenant Orr from the tield when disabled by a severe wound. After the close of the war he settled down upon a small farm, but with indifferent success as a farmer. Habits fos- tered, if not contracted in the service unfitted him for steady employment. He preferred the exciting scenes of the camp to quiet labor, and, used to those, in the time of peace he sought excitement where it could be found, and, as was often the case with other soldiers, passed the last years of his life with little advantage to himself or society. He, however, fought nobly for his country, and his name deserves a place among the patriots of Derryfield. He died at Derryfield at an advanced age. SAMUEL RemiCK. — He was an apprentice in Bed- lord at the time of Burgoyne's approach from the north. He volunteered under Stark and was at the battle of Bennington. He stood by Lieutenant Orr, saw him fall and carried from the held. As he emerged from the corn-field he took a position behind an oak and commenced tiring upon the enemy. He fired some eight or ten times, when, as he was loading his gun, an unlucky bullet from the enemy's works brought him to the ground. In this position he loaded and tired several times upon the enemy. Al length, giving his gun to a man, the lock of whose gun had been broken by a ball, he dragged himselfto a fence near by, where he was taken upon a blanket and carried to the surgeon's quarters, an open tield on the banks of the Hoosac. He soon recovered, and lived to a good old age, receiving the bounties of his country for his sufferings in the cause of liberty. The following were also in the war from this town : Ephraim Stevens, David Merrill, James Thompson, Benjamin George, Isaac George, Ichabod Martin and Robert McNight. MANCHESTKIl. CHAPTER III. MANCHESTER— (Continued). i [VI] HISTORY. The Charter of Derryfield— Original Bounds— The First Town Meeting Officers Elected— Portion of Harrytown Annexed in 1795— Town Named Manchester in 1810 List oi Sele n, Moderators and Town clerk The Town-Meeting of 1840— Much Excitement Prevails— 'Ihn t % ' ,i,--.',.-< h -in to Keep Order— The Waning Power of the Town— Strength of the " New Village' First Town-Meeting in th "New Village '—Town 11. ,u- lac-ted— Incorporation of the City Firsl City Eli tioi Ii ersChos I ire! City .inn, .jit — I.i-t ..t May-i, in. I I'l.-ik- ti-.m iligaiii/uliou t.. lss.",. The town of Manchester, embracing portions of the towns of Londonderry and Chester, and a tract ol land lying on the Merrimack River, belonging to the Masonian proprietors, called " Harrytown," was char- tered September 3, L751, under the name of " Derry- fleld. " This name issaidtohave been derived from the fact that the people of Londonderry had been ac- customed to pasture their cattle within its limits. The charter was as follows: "Province of New Hampshire. "[LS.] "George the second bj the gra I God, ofGreat Britain, France and Ireland King, Defender uf the Faith, ic, and to all whom these presents " WTtereas, our loyal sub]o t-, inhabitants of a tract '4' laud within our pro\iuccof Now Ibtiiipshucf said, lying partly within that part of our province of New Hampshire called Londonderry in part, and in part in Chester, and in part ,1 land not heretofore granted t<- any town within our province aforesaid, have humbly petitioned ou-i requested to us that they may he erected and incorporated intoa township, and infran, Used with the same powers and privileges whichother towns within our said prov- ince by law have and enjoy ; and it appearing to n- t,> i general good of our said pioviii, e, as Well as of s;iid inhabitants in partic- ular, by maintaining good order, and em ouraging the cultivation of the laud, that the same should be done ; Know Jfe, therefore, that we, of our especial grace, certain knowledge and for the encouragement and pro- moting the good purposesand .aids aforesaid. by and with the advice ol unr trusty and well-beloved Bennington \\ .-tit \\..i tli. i:-q , our governor and Commander in Chief, and of our Council ol oul Province of New Hampshire aforesaid, have erected and ordained, and by these presents, for ourselves and successors, do will and ordain, that Hie iiihahitantsof a (the) tract of land aforesaid, shall inhabit and improve thei butted and hounded a- toll. «., v iz. : Beginning at a pitch pin,, tree standing upon th-- town line, between Chester and Londonderry, marked one hundred and thirty-four, being the hounds of t the sixty-acre lots in said Che-t.. i. I»< in_ t)i,- Sooth We.-t . ..incr of -aid lot : thru. ,.- 1 u li- ning south into the township of Londonderry one hundred and sivtv rods to a stake and stones ; thence running lost to Londonderry North and South line ; thence in lining South upon I, on, loud, try line to the Head line of Litchfield to a stake and stones ; thence running upon the head line of Litchfield to the Bank of the Merrimack river ; then,:,; running up said river, as th,- river runs, eight miles to a stake and ti upon the bank ,.f said n\,i ; th.nce 1 uniiing East South East one mile ,tnd tin |icot. r-. through land not -rant, ,1 to any town, until it ■- to Chester line ; thence running two miles and a half and fifty-two rods on the same curse int., th,- township of Chester, to a stake and stones ; thence running south four miles and a half to the bounds tirst mentioned. all which lands within said bounds which lies within the townships of Londonderry and Chester aforesaid, are not to he liable to pay any taxes or rates, but as they shall be settled, and by these presents are declared and ordained to be a town corporated, and are hereby erected and incor- porated into a body politick, and a corporation to have continuance for- ever by the name of Derryfield, with all the powers, authorities, privi- leges, immunities and infran, his, s to them the -aid inhabitants and their successors f,,rev,r. always reserving t,, us, our heirs, and successors, all white pine trees growing and being, or that -hall hereafter grow and be 4 on the -said tract of land, til for tl Se of our I; ,yal S also the power of dii iding said town a. us, out hi it shad appear necessary and , . .n\ , men! tor the benefit of the inhabitants tl,,. f, and as the several towns w,t hino in said province ol New Hamp- shire, are by law thereof entitled and authorized t, , assemble, and by the majority of votes to ill, .„>, all said efiieelsas ale mentioned ill the ...M. ... " \\ e ,1,, by tie si presents nominal, and ippoinl John MiMiuphy a, ,.,n the in-' "I,., no- "I lie inhabitants to be bold within the mil! town if tl„ rtb, Esq., our Governor and be third day of September, in the year of "Province oi New Hampshire. i nd recorded in the Book ol Charter, this third day of Sep- tembei L756, pages79 a mi. 'I'm JltE This charter covered about eighteen square miles of the southwest part of Chester, about nine square miles nt' i he northwest part (if Londonderry, including The Peak, ami the strip of land between Londonderry, id, -i, i and the Merrimack River, called Harrytown, containing about eight square miles. This charterdid not embrace the wholeof what was known as Harrytown, a nook at the north part, be- twixt Chester and the Merrimack being left ungranted. This contained about two square miles, was called Harrysborough, and was added to Derryfield in 1792. The act of incorporation empowered John McMur- phy to call the first town-meeting, which was held at the house of John Hall, inn-holder, September it, 17"' I, as follows : "Province of New Hampshire. "At a meeting of the proprietors, freeholders mid inhabitants of Derryfield, assembled at the house of John Hall, in said town. At this first in,, ting upon Monday, the twenty-third day oi September, inne Dom'o, 1751, by His Excellency's d ition in the , .hait.-i f.u ~aid t,,wu- ship, dab d September the third. 1751, according to the direction in said chatter, by Ills excellency's command, 1, the subscriber issued a nolihcu- ti .11 l,.r, hoi I town oth. -.■]- ill the :, lb. I. said day. and II,,' atloiesael house, and th,. people being assembled, " Pbted, John Goffe, first Selectman William Perham, Ditto Selectman. Nathaniel Boyd, Daniel McNeil, Elieza Wells, "3dly, for town clerk, John Hall. •■ llbly, I ..in nil — i. .ri.-l-- lor assrssm, „t, to examine tie - cunt, William MeClinto, k, William Stark. "."tidy, for constable, Robert \nderson. "6th]y, lor tything men, John Harvey, William Elliott. "7thiy, f,.i . i . i John Hall. "Stilly, for Invoice men, Cluol I Martin. "atbly, for llayw.u.l-. Moses Wells, « illii iamble "lnihly, I r-k, .,[.,. i>. Charles Emerson, William Stark. "11th, forcullerof staves, Benjamin Stevens. "12thly, for surveyoi ol Merrill. i- Ret orded bj me, "John Hall, Town CU k " HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Thi as organized under the charter. The next town-meeting was holden the 16th of November following, and mainly for the purpose of raising money to defray the expenses of obtaining the charter. On the 4th of November the meeting was .-ailed by warrant of the Selectmen, the second article of which was "i. To rase momy In defray the . barges tJi.u Mi .lob,, Hull has been ■ btaining a corporation for Baid town ami to elms,- a committee for ••vimmiii" and allowing Lis accounts." At the in,., -tin- held November 26, 1751, upon the second article of the warrant, it was ■■ Poled, that Mr. John Hall be piid all the ley thi ommittee " ' " xamination of bis accounts shall allow to be his just due for ">'>■."""- .'" in .u[i..r.iti,.n lor this town. :,t„i the committee's names are us Mloweth John Gone, William M, ('lint,., William Perham, This committee made their report to the selectmen December 21, 1751, as follows: " Derryfibld, December ye 21, 17.">1, "To the selectmen of Derryfiold, Gents, We, the subscribers, being a "","1"" h"3'-'> by the town of Derryficld toexamine and allow the " "' M'- John Hall, that wo should lind justly due to him for his obtaining a cor] ition foi said town, we liav, sel m that affair, and upon a critical examination of the a uts ol said John » I that he haB expended in nej and time, at a reasonable, or rather moderate al- lowance, amounts to tlie sunt of two hundred and fifty-one pounds old tenor, and accordingly wc judge it highly reasonable that he should have the sum with all possible expedition. •' Certified by us the day and year above. 1 ft't M.i'i Lot I eeting the following votes were rased t,, paye lore At the same passed : "3dly, Voted, to Base 24 pounds old tenor, Pi ,' 1 1 1 , , ■ ■ for this present year. '■ Ithly, Voted to Rase 12 pounds old te todefray the charges thai may arise the present y .' As originally incorporated, the town was wholly on [ the east side of the Merrimack. In 1795, by an act of the Legislature, a gore of land was annexe,) to the north side of the town, being a portion of "Harry- town,"1 and was intended to be included in the original incorporation. June 13, 1810, the name of the town was changed to Manchester, it is said, as a compliment to Hon. Samuel Blodgett, who constructed a canal around Amoskeag Falls and who had often asserted 1 " It seems that a portion of this city, next to the Merrimack, consist- ing of a strip .,f land three miles m width, extending through its entire length, was granted, in 1635, to Ephraim Hildreth, John Shepley and others, by the Provinc Massachusetts, that province claiming that their north line extended three miles north and east ol the Merri mai It Hildreth ami M„ ph v. l",.i th.-msoh,.. and ,.ih, , - Captain William Tyng, petitioned the General Court of Massachusetts province for the grant ,,l'iitra,t„t I ■ i , , ,,| . ... ,,,. |, iM_ .,„ ,„,,], Bides of Merrimack Biver at Amoskes Falls PI □ was nreeented od ol services rendered in an expedit against the Indians on Bnow-shoes, in the winter of 1703. "This petition wa «as known bj the that the place some day would he the Manchester of America." The following is a list of the selectmen and town J clerks from the organization of Derryfield, in 1751, to the incorporation of the city in 1846: SELECTMEN. Lleazer W ella ; 1752, John Gofle, IrcnJbul Stark, Alexander McMur- l>hy; 1753, William Perham, Alexandra McMurphy, John Eiddell ; 1 "''' U '" Ml ' ' Ul '■■■' » i * Murj by, John Hall ; 17:,.:., Dan" ' Ml v' : ' ' Al i : bo Hi rvey ; 1756, Daniel Mi Niel, 1 u, John Harvej l l , r Bobl ins, Robert Ander- "'"' "■ ' M v : l: - William Perham, William McClintock, Abra- h|"" Mern"» " '. "oo"" Perham, William McClintock, Abraham ■"'■"'"■ ' ■ W,lhM" McClintock, Hugh Sterling, Abraham Merrill; 1761, William Perham, John Hall, Thomas Rubs; 1762, William per- '•■""■ Joh° M:" '>• John M 8; 1763, John Stark, William )lr, Unto, k John Moors; 1764, William McClintock, John Stark John Moors 1765 Will.am Perham, William McClintock. Abraham Merrill ; 1766, ' Ale* under McMurphy,! Kb,.. :-:■■- ,t .. n ; ,. m ;, , 1767,Eleazer Robbina, Alex, ml. , M. i In, p., I,. Nathaniel Boyd • 1768 "'" '' ' ' " '" ' '""' ' '' '"" " '' '■' I • l7' '■ William M, Clint,,, k, Ale.x- urphy, J' in M 1770, Williai McClintock, Alexander ■- urpny, John .1 ; l.,l, William M, i lmto.-k, Alexander Me- Mnrphy; 1772, ilexandei UcMurphy, John Moor, William Mc- Clintock ; 1773, John Stark, s 1 Boyd J, - McCalley; 1774, ' Boyd, .lob,, Perham; 1775, John Stark, el 3( vena, John John Moor, Joseph G ge ; 1776, David Stan tt.Ezel Perham; 1777, John Gofle, Ehenezer Stevens, Be'njam John Hall, Benjamin Baker, Sai I Boyd ; 1779, David starrett,3 John Perham, Samuel -Moor, Jonathan Russ;< 1780, Jonathan Buss John Sheldon, Samuel Moor; 1781 John Hull, Samuel M .Jonathan Buss; 1782, Samuel Moor, Jonathan Bum, Joseph Sanders ; 1783, Samuel Moor,' Joseph Sanders, Jonathan Ilus. ; i:,s| .1 — ,.l, s„,„l, ■ ,.. .1. ,l, ,, ,,„„,., .i,.m Hull ; I7s:, ,1„1,„ iiotle, Jr., William Perham, Samuel stark ■ lT.s,; l„. seph Fermor, John Goffe, Jr., Isaac Hose; 1TS7. James Thompson, is • Huee, John Greene; L7S8, John Hall, John Webster, Job,, Perham. n89'J' ST I'-"-^1 ■ John Bay; 1790, Isaac Muse, San,-' uel Moor, John Start, J, 17 D n . Davi . S 1 Moor, John staik, Jr.; 1793, John Gol I n - ■ . Webst. , 1794 John stink, Jr., Daniel Hum- Samuel M , Ji , 1795, Hum, 1 Davis, John Stark, .ii . sammi Moor, Jr., John buy, John Perham. 1796 fsaa, "'""• "l"1'" '""'• l,,li" Stark, Ji 1797, John Goffe, Samui I Moor, .1, >'" ' l!l ,,Il'"' ■ 1T'IS. John Gofle, Daniel Davis, John Stark ; 17M, John it... i. - ph Moore. Daniel Davis ; Ism,, s uel Moor, Jr., John l:'v- ' IBe] " '~! ' '""'• Samuel M ■, Jr., John Ray, [srael Web- "'"' '"'-' "" I Moon Jr., Israel Webster, John Bay ; 1803, Samuel ""'' •'' tarael Webster, John Stark (3d) ; 1804, Samuel Moot, ,ir. '"'" """"' John M",k ° |s '■ N" ' Moor, Jr., Edward Ray, V"'"K,M Gamble; ""'■ » 1 Moo. .1, . Edward Ray, Vmos Wee- ton; 1807, Samuel J , .,, , imol We, , ,ard Ray; 1808,8am- ""' M'""- Jr- * " ""-'""■ 5 tel Hall: 1809, Samuel Moor, Ji ' "" """" ;1"1'" Starkl 1810, Samuel M Jr., Thomas SHckney, '" """' 'Ml, John Stark, Jr., Amos Weston, Israel Webster; lsio, ~"II'!M " ''• l"lin ^tiirk, Jr., John Dickey; 1813, Samuel M Job Howell, ,lol,„ ],,, key ; IM|, k„. ||„s,. lM-,el Webster. John (I. Moo,; 1815, Isaac I|„.e, Is,., el Weh-to,-, II], I,,,,,,,, StoV,-,,.s, J, , , ,S | , , t«»«Huse,J Frye, John Stark (4th); 1817, Isaa, Hnse, John stark (*«>), John Dickey; 1818, 7- Huse, John Dickey, tfatha 1 Moor- 1819, Samuel M Epbn Stevens,Ji John Stark (4th); 1820, Joseph .Moor, Ephraim Stevens. jr., Amos West,.,,, j, ; 1821, A s Weston '- Ephraim Steves, Jr., John Proctor; 1822, Amos t Nathaniel Nathaniel Moore, Isaac v • Weston, Jr., Isaac Huse, Nathaniel Moorejl826, Stark, Israel Merrill, .lame, si Queston ; 1821 Pioctor, Nathaniel Moor; 1824, Amos Weston, the oi '!', lest, I ol laid included within it Tyngstown extended from Bell's town" (novi Pembroke to Litchfield, and was ,t by the Merri, I. . and on the east by a line paral- k, and at the distance ,.f three miles from the same. - aboul twelve miles in length and three miles in i Wallace, D D MANCHESTER. is:.'.' ell ; 1K3S, Joseph M liuKell, A|. hiL.il. ■!• . .'■ . l-'-ic "use Joseph M. Rowell, Archibald Gamble, Ji . taaai Huse; 1840, Amoa Wcstou, Jr., J. T. P. Hunt, Hiram Brown; 1841, Amoa Weston, Jr. Isaac C. Flanders, Isaac Uuse ; 1x42, Moses Fellows, Andrew Bunton, Jr., Abram Brighain J 1843, Jin— Fellows, vndrev Bunton, Jr., David Child; 1841, Nathan Parker, Warren Jj. Lane, George Clark ; 1845, Na- than Parker, G ge Clark, Charles Chase; 1846, Moses Fellows, An- drew Bunton, Jr., Edward McQuesten. MollHIiAToUS. Url.il.aldStark; IT'.K-r, I, William ; 1762-63, John G He ; 17(14, John 1766, John Hall , 1767, David Sta .an M.a'lintoek ; 1770-7.'., John Sta J.ilm Mark TOWN" CLF.UKS 754, Alexander McMurph; Samuel Moor, Jr.; 1811, John Stark. .1- . 1-1' 13, I -a u Hum; 1814, Samuel Moor; 1815-18, John (., M ; 1819 I ■■■ i 3tark . 1824-25, Amoa Weston, Jr.; 1826-28, Franklin Uooi II - tel Jackson ; 1831-33, Amos Weston, Jr.; 1834-37, John i: Hall; 1838-40, Samuel Jackson ; 1841, Walter French ; 1842-46, Jobj) M Noyes. The town-meetings were held in the town until 1840. The increasing power of the "New Village" was not looked upon with favor by the old inhabitants, who regarded these new-comers as interlopers. Mutual jealousies soon arose, which finally resulted in a stormy town-meeting in March, 1840, which re- quired the selection of thirty constables to keep order before the other town officers were elected. It had become apparent (said Judge Potter, in re- ferring to this meeting) that the inhabitants of the " New Village " would soon outnumber those of the town, if they did not at that time. The people of the village did not talk or act with much moderation. They openly told their intention of controlling the affairs of the town, and the nominations for town officers by the two parties seem to have been made with this idea, as all the candidates for the important offices in the town lived at the " New Village," or in its immediate vicinity. At the annual meeting, the votes of the first dav showed conclusively that the people of the "New Village" predominated. Accordingly, when about to adjourn on the evening of that day, a motion was made to adjourn to meet at Washington Hall, on Amherst Street, at ten o'clock A.M. of the next day. This motion at once produced a most stormy discussion. Upon putting the question, the utmost confusion prevailed andapoll of the house was demanded. Finally it was proposed that the two parties to the question should form in lines upon the common, in trout of the town-house, and should be counted by the selectmen, thus taking the vote surely and in order. This suggestion met the views of all parties ; the question was put by the moderator and a large portion of the voters went out and formed lines as suggested. While most of the voters had thus left the house, some one made a motion to adjourn the meeting to the next day, then to meet at the town- house ; the moderator put the vote, it was carried, and the meeting was declared adjourned. When the "outsiders" heard of the vote, they rushed into the house ; but to no purpose, the meeting was adjourned, and the moderator would hear no motion. After much confusion the people left the house and went home ; but on both sides it was only to rally their forces for the contest the next day. The voters of the " New Village" met the same night in Washington Hall, and laving aside their political preferences, nominated a union ticket for town officers. The next day the parties were at the polls at an early hour, all under much excitement; so much so, that it soon be- came apparent that they could not proceed with the meeting without an increase of the constabulary force ; it was accordingly " Voted to postpone the choice of selectmen until constables be chosen." They then made choice of thirty constables, as fol- lows, viz.: .lames McQuesten, J. L. Bradford, David Young, William P. Fanner, Mace Moulton, Matthew Kennedy, Walter French, John H. Copp, Levi Sar- gent, Adam Gilmore, Jonathan K. Cochran, Isaac C. Flanders, Joseph B. Hall, Jr., Alonzo Boyce, Nehe- miah (.'base, Taylor L. Southwick, Barton Monsey, George W. Tilden, Josiah Stowell, Thomas Gamble, Jonathan C. Furbish, E. W. Harrington, Hiram Brown, Alonzo Smith, Reuben Kimball, John H. Maynard, Henry S. Whitney, Jacob G. Cilley, Joseph M. Rowell and Ebenezer P. Swain. They then proceeded to elect the Board of Select- men, and made choice of the gentlemen nominated in the caucus at the " New Village," viz.: Amos Weston, Jr., Jona. T. P. Hunt, Hiram Brown. After this ballot the business of the meeting passed off' quietly, the village party having things their own way. After choosing the usual town officers they raised a committee, consisting of the selectmen, George Clark and James Hall, to purchase a " Pauper Farm," without limitation as to the price, and author- ized the selectmen to hire such a sum of money as might be necessary to pay for said farm. They also constituted the selectmen a committee to take into f.U HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. consideration the subject of a new division of the town into districts fur . school purposes. The villagers were triumphant ; but they seem to have been moderate us victors, as the selectmen called the very next meeting for the choice of electors at the town-house. It may well be imagined that a people of as strong prejudices as those of Manchester could not look upon these "new-comers" overriding them in a town- meeting with any great degree of complacency, and many stories are told of their remarks during the ex- citement. One is told of John Stark, Esq., or " Justice Stark," as he was commonly designated. He went into the moderator's desk and addressed the people thus: "Who are ye, that are lure to act, and to tread upon us in this manner'.' I'll tell ye who you are?— You're a set of interlopers come here to get a living upon a sand bank, and a d d poor living you will get, let me tell ye ! " Upon this the "interlopers" made so much dis- turbance that, the "Justice" could not be beard, and he left the desk. The result was decisive. The peo- ple of the old part of the town saw at once that their power had departed, and that henceforth Manchester was to be controlled bythepeopleof the " New Milage." The first town-meeting in the new village was held in Washington Hall, February 1, 1841, and among Other improvements voted was that of building a town- house. This structure was completed during the following summer at an expense of seventeen thou- sand dollars. The building committee consisted of John I). Kimball, Edward McQuesten and J.T.I'. Hunt. The first meeting in the new bouse was held March 8, 1842. City of Manchester.— s., large bad the popula- tion of this town become that at the March meeting, in 1846, it was deemed expedient to petition the Legislature for a city charter, and a committee, com- posed "I' David Gillis, Samuel I ». Bell, Isaac Kiddle, William ('. Clarke, John A. Burnham, Luther Farley and Walter French, was chosen to take the matter in charge. Accordingly, a petition was at once pre- sented; on June 1, L846, the citj of .Manchester was incorporated. At the August election the an was ac- cepted, by a vote of four hundred and eighty-five to one hundred and thirty-four. The first city election occurred August 19, 1846, with four candidates for mayor, viz., Hiram Brown, Whig : William ( '. Clarke, Democrat ; Thomas Brown, Abolition; and William Shepherd. The result was as follows : a. Br< urn. Clarke. T.Brown. Shepherd, Whol Ms voter Ward 1 . . Si 85 8 I 111 Ward J. . 7S 65 'Jl 3 160 Ward 3 . 85 38 30 1."' 170 Ward 4 . . Ms 26 8 0 I l:: Ward 5, i-.; 93 28 <; -'52 Ward 6 . . 05 74 5 I I 185 Ward 7 . . 46 81 ') 4 187 Kecessary tu a choice >M' 11. Brown's vote 569 Majority against Brown 17 The following officers were chosen at this election ; Aldt n - Andrew Bunton, .u : Ge rge Pi rti .. William G. Means, David liiliis. Timothy Blaisdell, Kdwar.l M. ou.-ieii. >!■<-''" Fellows. ii nci!.— John S. Kidder, rge W Eaton, William Boyd, Herrey Tufts, Daniel J. Hoyt, James M. Morrill, Israel I i Russell, George P. Folsom, David Cross, U.r.im r.ii-ham. William M. Parker, I benezei Clark, Asa 0. Colby, Nathaniel Herrick, William Pot- . i \ Eussey, Sewell Leavitt, William W. Baker, Rod- nia Nutt, Scl 1 C tiittee— Archibald Stark, Nathaniel Wheet, Joseph Knowl- ton, Moses Hill, James Mcfiauley, William W. Brown, Amos Weaton. ..... poo-.— Joseph M. Rowell, B. T. Locke, Francis Beed\ Levi Batchelder, Caleb Johnson, Flair- T. I nderhill, James Emerson. Aaaaort — Edward Hall, Ira Ballon. James Wallace, Charles Chase, Lewis Bartl.'tt, Stillnan I'-ll""-. .lane- Hall. Jr. The second election for mayor was held Septembei 1st. There were four candidates, viz. : Hiram Brown. Isaac C. Flanders, Thomas Brown and John S. Wig- gin. The result was as follows ; ;;, Br i Flanden Wiggin. T, Bi H h ■'■ » War. I 1 . . 41 4N 2 I 100 Ward J . . 79 47 15 26 175 Ward 3 . . 98 36 17 23 183 Ward 4 . . 112 1« 4 9 14J Ward 5 . . 124 65 9 30 236 Ward 6 . . II 72 I H 186 Ward 7 . . 58 64 0 4 1S2 Hiram Brown hail ■ 602 v i essary t" a choice 578 Brown's majority 24 The city government was organized in the City Hall, September 8, 1846, Moses Fellows, chairman of the retiring Board of Selectmen, presiding. Prayer wa> offered by Rev. C. W. Wallace, D.D., after which the oath of office was administered to the mayor by Hon. Daniel Clark. After the delivery of the mayor's address the city government was organized as follows: President of Common Council, William M. Parker; Clerk, David Hill; City Clerk, J. S. T. Cushing; Treasurer, Thomas Hoyt ; Marshal, George- T. ( 'lark. Hon. Samuel D. Bell was appointed, Si p- tember 28, 1846, police justice, and Isaac Riddle and Joseph Cochrane. Jr.. special justices. Mayors and Clerks.— The following is a list of the mayors and clerks from the incorporation of the- ,-it\ to 1885: MA YOBS. Hiram Brown, 1846 17 .1 b r James, 1848-49; Moses Fellows, lS.Mi-.-il ; Frederick Smyth, ls.Y>-55, 1864; Theodore T. Abbot, 1S55- 7. i .... i i. I James, 1857; Alonzo Smith. 1858; K. W. Harring- ton, 1859-60; David A. Bunton, 1861-62; Darwin J. Daniels,1 1865; J..!m 1 1 .-1. > , - l-i" J-- ph r. Clark, 186T; James A. Weston, 1868, 1870-71, 1874-75; Isaac W. Smith, 1869 ; PereonB Cheney, 1872 ; Charles II Bartlett," 1873; John P. Newell,' 1873 ; Al us Gaj 1876; Era , ,,... I-:: John L. Kelly, 1878; Horace B. Putnam, I Stearns, 1884. CLERKS. JohnS. T. Cushing, 1840-49; Frederick Smyth, 1849-52 ; George A, MANCHESTER. .'.:; ake M,i Vim. Ii 1- ■-' ".i; ; I Tuyl'T.' lS."ii>-.".7; Frank H. Lyfunl," ls.-.r,-;.7 ; Joseph Knowlton,' 1858-65; Joseph E. Bennett, « 1865 Jackson, 1S7C; John P. Newell, 1876; Nathan P. Kidder, 1877 to presenl The area of the city was enlarged July 1, 1853, by the annexation of what is now known as Amoskeag from Goflstown and Piscataquog from Bedford. CHAPTER IV. MANCHESTER— {Continued). THE PRESS— EDUCATIONAL — CITY LIBKAKY. The first newspaper published in Manchester was Amoskeag Representative, established by John Cald- well, October is, 1839. Its name was changed to Manchester Representative January 22, 1841. The paper was sold, 1 (ecember 7, 1842, to Kimball & < iur- rier, and merged with the Manchesh r Democrat. The second paper was the Amoskeag Memorial, be- gun January 1, 1840, by Joseph C. Emerson. Jan- uary G. 1841, its name was changed to Manchester .)/, mortal. Joseph Kidder became its editor February 17, 1841, at which time he sold to Mr. Emerson the People's Herald, which he had publishe for two months previous, having issuei The Memorial then assumed the doub] Chester Memorial and People's Herald June 5, 1842, when the latter half was 26, 1841, Mr. Emerson associated w publisher ( ). D. Murray, and in the a nary, when Mr. Kidder resigned the publishers announced themselves as establishment was bought, Septembi Samuel F. Wetmore and A. A. Wallace, who con- tinued its publishers till August 21, 1844, when Mr. Wallace retired and left the paper in the hands of Mr. Wetmore, the senior partner. Its name was changed, September 6, 1844, to that of Manchester American. In September, 1845, Mr. Wetmore started the Semi- Weekly American, of which John H. War- land was editor. April 17, 1846, the establishment passed into the hands of James O. Adams, who at ■once discontinued the semi-weekly issue. He re- mained the publisher and editor of the American till May, 1852, when, having another weekly paper upon his hands, he sold the American to < leneral Joseph C. Abbott and Edward A. Jenks. A few weeks later they bought the Saturday Messenger, Henry A. Gage. one of the owners of the latter, being admitted to part- nership, and they published the American and Messen- ger under the name of Abbott, Jenks & Co., Mr. Abbott being the editor. A daily had been issued during the ■campaign of 1848, and again in 1850 during the progress of the Parker murder trial, but the first regular issue of dropped. May ic. ceding Jan- editorship, the editors. The ■r 2, 1842, by the Manchester Daily American occurred September 4, 1854. Charles G. Warren subsequently bought the in- terest of the two junior partners, and the publication was continued by Abbott & Warren. Both the daily and weekly were sold in 1857 to John II. Goodale, of the Manchester Democrat, and united with that paper. I'pnii the appearance of the Memorial, in January, 1840, John Caldwell, of the Representative, began the publication of a neutral and literary paper of the size of the new sheet, with the title of the Manchester Magazine, whose matter was selected from what had once appeared in his own paper. This was continued but three months. July 4, 1840, Joseph (.'. Emerson, of the Memorial, began the publication of the Manchester Workman. The Star of Bethlehem was established January 2, 1841, and was continued here about one year anil removed to Lowell. The Literary Souvenir was a weekly paper which was begun in Lowell, in 1838, by A. I:. E Hildreth, but in its fourth year was removed to Concord, and four months later to this city. Emerson .V Murray, of the Memorial, were its publishers, and S. H.Napoleon Bonaparte Everette was its editor. J le was an eccen- tric man, who styled himself "Rag Emperor," and his name was printed in the paper with that title. The Iris, in, I Literary Recordw&s a monthly magazine, which had been published at Hanover by E. A. Allen, but in the summer of 1842 was bought by Emerson & Murray and removed to Manchester. Mr. Everette was the editor of both this ami the Souvenir. These tun were united the 1st September and pub- lished under the name of the Iris and Souvenir. Mr. Murray soon after retired, and left Mr. Emerson in sole possession of the business. The latter, in De- cember, 1842, began the Semi- Weekly Advertiser, which was edited by Colonel Isaac Kinsman, of Pembroke, and was continued but four or five weeks. In January, 1843, Mr. Emerson sold all his newpaper property to Willard N. Haradon, who bought at the same time the interest of the senior partner in the Manchester Allodium, whose first number was issued, January 14, 1S43, by James Bursiel and a man of the name of Hamlet, the second number bearing the names of Hamlet it Haradon. 'flic Allodium was a neutral and literary paper, ornamented with cheap engravings on wood. This firm continued its publication till April s. 1843, when E. D. Boylston, now the editor of the 1',, nuns' CibiiK-t at Amherst, purchased it of them, ami also bought the Iris and Smimiir of Mr. Haradon, continuing both papers under different names and in a different fashion, 'flic Allodium became the Man- chester Transcript, which was removed a tew months later to Great Falls and there deceased, and instead "f I, is iin,l Souvenir, be established, in August. 1845, a religious and temperance journal, under the name of the New Hampshire Magazine, which was published lor a year and was then discontinued. In IS ">7, .1. II. Goodale bought the Ihiihj American HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. iiml Aiiirri>-iiit fin-/ J/e.<sen</er, continued the publica- tion of the former and united the latter with the Democrat, under the name of the Democrat and Ami ri- can. >-iii afterwards Simeon D. Farnsworth, then a school-teacher of Concord, came to this cttj and entered into partnership with Goodale, and the firm became Goodale & Farnsworth. In the fall of 1861 the latter bought out his partner and continued the sole proprietor till April, 1SG3, when, having be- come a paymasterin the army, he leased the daily and weekly to Gage, Moore & ( !o. : Henry A. < rage, < Irren C. Moore, .Tame- 0. Adams), and the name Democrat was dropped from the title. In August, 1863, 0. C. Moore sold his interest to Sylvester C.Gould. In December, I863,Mr. Farnsworth bought back the lease and sold both papers to John B. (lark.-, who united them with the Mirror. The last issue of the Daily Am Heart was dated December. 26, 1863. The Gleanerw&s issued November 12, 1842, its pub- lisher being William A. Hall and its editor John Cald- well. It wa> suspended in the latter part of 1845. The Manchester Palladium, another of Mr. (.'aid- well's enterprises, was begun May 21, 1846, and continued about six month-. The White Mountain Torrent was published here a few months in 1843. The Manchester Operative was begun Saturday, December 3d, 1843, by Willard N. Haradon, and discontinued November 16, 1844. The Independent Democrat was begun in this city May 1, 1845, by Robert < '. Wetmore. It was re- moved after a few weeks to Concord, and was subse- quently united with the Iiiilejuwlenl Niitexniun. July '•'>, 1845, was issued the first number of the Manchester Mercantile Advertiser, published by Charles II. Chase. It was suspended after an ex- istence of nearly live months, and then Mr. Chase began the publication of the Munrhrsler >,//«/'<'-■// Messenger, November 29, 1845. The Messenger ap- peared March 28, 1846, with J. E, Davis, Jr., and Israel P. Chase as publishers. E. D. Davis took Mr. ( hase's place in the firm on the loth of August of the -ante year. They continued its publication till March 20, 1847, when they disposed of the es- tablishment to William 11. Gilmore and Israel P. < lhase. Joseph Kidder, who had been its editor from the -tart, reigned hi- charge at the I li second volume, November 2n. 1847. Mr. ( thereafter the principal editor till he retired from the paper. June 24, 1848. Subsequently, Henry A. Gage bought Mr. Gilmore's interest, and May 26, 1849, associated with him Francis F. Forsaith, who then became the editor. He withdrew January 25, 1851, and was sm. ceded by Benjamin F. Wallace, who had been for several years the principal of Piscata- quog Village Academy. In 1852 it was sold to Abbott, .leak- & Co. (Joseph < '. Abbott, Edward A. Jenks and Henry A. Gage), the owners of the . I nu ■rim ii, and muted with that paper. The New Hampshire Temperanci Banner was es- tablished in 1847. and in about three years removed to ( loncord. The Old Hero, a short-lived campaign paper, was issued in 1848 from the office of the Manchester American, in advocacy of the claims of General Zacharj Taylor for the Presidency. September 9, 1848, the first number of the Man- chester Telescope was issued by Haradon & Kiely. After an existence of about two years its name was changed bj Mr. Haradon, who had become its sole proprietor February 19, 1849, to that of Haradon's Wril.hj Sjnj. A subsequent change made it the Man- and under this title it was published till the beginning of 1852, when it was sold to the pub- lishers of the Filmier* Monthly Visitor, and incor- porated with that paper. The Merchants' Own Jour, ml was begun in No- vember, 1S48, by Haradon & Storer, and was issued for a short time. About 1849 the late Dr. Thomas E. Crosby, then a practicing physician in Manchester, conceived tin- idea of publishing an agricultural paper in the city, and at length having associated with himself James • I. Adams as publisher, issued the first number of the Granite Farmer February 2d. 1850. It was a weekly of eight pages, and, according to the an- nouncement on its first page, was " published under the patronage of the Nov Hamphire State Agricul- tural Society." At the beginning of the fourth volume, in January. 1853, the Rev. A. * i. t lomings, of Mason, became associate editor, but he removed from the State about March, 18.~>3, and the twelfth number was the last which bore his name. The paper was sold, October 5, 1853, to the Hon. Chandler E. Potter, and was united not long afterwards with the Fanners' Monthly Visitor. The Manchester Daily Mirror was started a- a morning paper, Monday, October 28, 1850, by Joseph C. Emerson. With the seventh number appeared the name of F. A. Moore as that of the editor. He was succeeded as editor, December 10, 1850, by Edward N. Fuller. Monday, June 23, 1851, it was changed from a morning to an evening paper. Mr. Emerson began. Saturday, February 22. 1851, under the name of the Dollar Weekly Mirror, a weekly paper, made up from the columns of the daily, of which also Mr. Fuller was the editor. In February, 1852, he retired from the editorship, and his place was filled by John B. Clarke. lie held the position tiil September 1st, when Mr. Emerson, who had been engaged in the manufacture of fireworks, lost heavily by lire, and became financially embarrassed. He struggled along till October 20th, when he sold at auction the daily and weekly, which were bought by John 1'.. Clarke, who has owned ami edited them ever since. He bought, in 1863, of S. D. Farnsworth, the Daily and Weekly American, in which the Manchester Democrat had been swallowed up, and united the latter w ith S*£~ ^ / MAXCH F.ST Kit. the Dollar Weekly Mirror sad the former with the Daily Mirror, w nich has since been known as the Daily Mirror and American. In 1863 he bought of Francis B. Eaton the New Hampshire Journal of Agriculture, which had already absorbed the Granite Farm r and the Farmers' Monthly Visitor, and united it with the weekly, under the name of the Dollar Weekly Mirror and New Hampshire Journal of Agriculture. Jul) 8, 1865, its name was changed to that of Mirror and Farmer, und under this it has since been pub- lished. Colonel John B. Clarke,1 editor and proprietor of the Manchester Mirror. — Among the business en- terprises in which the men of to-day seek fortune and reputation, there i- scarcely another which, when linnly established upon a sound basis, sends its roots so deep and wide, and is so certain to endure and pros- per, bearing testimony to the ability of its creators, as the family newspaper. Indeed, a daily or weekly paper which lias gained by legitimate methods an im mense circulation and a profitable advertising patron- age is immortal. It may change owners and names, and character even, but it never dies, and if, as is usually the ease, it owes its early reputation and suc- cess to One man, it not only reflects him while he is associated with it, but pays a constant tribute to his memory after lie has passed away. But, while the rewards of eminent .success in the newspaper profession are great and substantial, the road to them is one which only the strong, sagacious ami active can travel, and this is especially true when he who strives for them assumes the duties of both publisher and editor. It requires great ability to make a great paper every day, ami even greater to sell it extensively and profitably, and to do both is not a possible task lor the weak. To do both in an inland city, where the competition of metropolitan journals must lie met and discounted, without any of their ad- vantages, requires a man of grip, grit and genius. In 1852 the Manchester Mirror was on,- of the smallest ami weakest papers in the country. Its weekly edition had a circulation of about six hundred, that of its daily was less than five hundred, and its advertising receipts were extremely small. Alto- gether, it was a load which its owner could not carry, and the whole establishment, including subscription lists, good-will, press, type and material was sold at auction for less than one thousand dollars. In 1885 the Weekly Mirror and Farmer has a cir- culation of more than twenty-three thousand and every subscriber on its books has paid for it in advance. The Daily Mirror and American has a correspond- ingly large and reliable constituency, and neither paper hicks advertising patronage. The office in which they are printed is one of the most extensive and best equipped in the Eastern States cut of Boston. In every sense of (he word the Mirror is successful, strong and solid. The building up of this great and substantial enter- prise boil i so small a beginning has been tin' work of John 1'.. Clarke, who bought the papers, as Stated above, in 1852, has ever since been their owner, man- ager and controlling spirit, and in spite of sharp ri- valry at Inline and from abroad and the lack of oppor- tunities which such an undertaking must contend with in a Small City, has kept the Mirror, in hard times as in good times, steadily growing, enlarg- ing its scope and influence, and gaining strength with which to make and maintain new advances; and at the same time has made it yield everj year a handsome income. Only a man of pluck, push and perseverance, of courage, sagaeii\ and industry could have done this; and he who has accomplished it need point to no other achievement to establish his title to a [dace among thestroug men of his time. Mr. Clarke is a native of Atkinson, where he wis born January 30, 1820. His parents were intelligent and successful farmers, and from them he inherited the robust constitution, the genial disposition and the capacity for brain-work which have carried himtothe head of his profession in New Hampshire. They also furnished him with the small amount of money neci s- sary to give a boy an education in those days, and in due course he graduated with high honors at Dart- mouth College, in the class of L843. Then be became principal of the Meredith Bridge Academy, which position he held for three years, reading law mean- while in an office near by. In 184S he was admitted to tin Hillsborough ( lounty bar, from the office of his brother, at Manchester, the late Hon. William C.Clarke, attorney-general of New Hampshire, and the next year went to California. From 1849 until 1851 be was practicing his profession, roughing it in the mines, and prospecting for a permanent busim location in California, Central America and Mexico. In 1851 be returned to .Manchester and established himself as a lawyer, gaining in a few months a prac- tice which gave hima living, but in October of the next year the sale of the Mirror afforded an opening more suited to his talents and ambition, and having bought the property, he thenceforth devoted himself to it- development. He had no experience, no capital, but be had con- fidence in himself, energy, good judgment and a wil- lingness to work for the success he was determined to gain, for months and years be was editor, reporter, business manager, accountant and collector. In these capacities he did an amount of work that would have killed an ordinary man, and did it in a way that told ; for every month added to the number of bis patrons, and slowly but steadily his business increased in volume and his papers in influence. He early made it arule to condense every thing that appeared in the colums of the Mirror into the smallest HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. NEW HAMPSHIRE. possible space, to make what he printed readable as well as reliable, to make the paper better every year than it was the preceding year, and to furnish the weekly edition at a price which would give it an im- mense circulation without the help of traveling agents or the credit system ; and to this policj he has adhered. Resides this, he spared no expense which he judged would add to the value of his publications, and his judgment iias always set the bonds far off on the very verge of extravagance. Whatever machine promised to keep his office abreast of the times, and in- crease tli'1 capacity for good work, he has dared buy. Whatever man he has thought would brighten and strengthen his staff of assistants lie has gone fur. and, if possible, got, andwhatever new departure has seemed to him likely to win new friends for the Mirror he has made. In this way he has gone from the bottom oftheladder to the top. From time to time rival sheets have sprung up beside him, but only to maintain an existence for a brief period or to lie consolidated with the Mirror. All the time there lias been sharp competition from publishers elsewhere, but this has only stimulated him to make a better paper and push it successfully in fields which they have regarded as their own. In connection with the Mirror, a great job-printing establishment lias grown up, which turns out a large amount of work in all departments, and where the State printing has been done six years. Mr. Clarke lias also published several 1 ks, including ".Sanborn's History of New Hampshire," "Clarke's History of Man- chester," "Successful New Hampshire Men," " Man- chester Directory" and other works. Within a few years a book-bindery has been added to the establish- ment. Mr. Clarke still devotes himself closely to his business six hours each day. but limits himself to this period, having been warned by an enforced rest and voyage to Europe, in 1872, to recover from the strain of over- work, that even his magnificent physique could not sustain too great a burden, and he now maintains robust and vigorous health by a systematic and regular mode of life, by long rides of from fifteen to twenty- five miles daily and an annual summer vacation. In making the Mirror its owner has made a great deal of money. If he had saved it as some others ba\ e done, lie would have re to-day than any other in Manchester who lias done busines> the >ame length of time on the same capital. But if he ha- gathered like a man born to lie a millionaire, lie has scattered like one who would spend a millionaire's fortune. He has been a g 1 liver ami a free giver. All his tastes incline him to large expenditures. His home abounds in all the comforts that money will buy. His farm is a place where costly experiments are trie. I. He is pas- sionately fond of fine horses, and his stables are always full of those that are highly bred, fleet and valuable. He loves an intelligent dog and a good gun, and is known far and near as an enthusiastic sportsman. He believes in being good to himself ami generous toothers, values money only tor what it will buy, and .very day illustrates the fact that it i> easier for him to earn ten dollars than to save one by being "close." A business that will enable a man of such tastes ami impulses to gratify all his wants and still accumulate a competency for his children isa good one, and that is what the busine>s of the Mirror counting-room has done. Nor is this all, nor the most, for the Mirror has made the name of John B. Clarke a household word in nearly every school district in Northern New England and in thousands of families in other sections. It lias given him a great influence in the politics, the agriculture and the social life of his time, has made him a power in shapingthe policy of his citj and State-, and one of the forces thai have kept the wheels of progress mov- ing in both for more than thirty years. In a word, what one man can do for and with a newspaper in New Hampshire John B. Clarke has done for and with the Mirror, and what a great news- paper can do tor a man the Ma ror has done for John B.Clarke. The Manchester Union.— The first Democratic newspaper in Manchester was the Amoskeag Repre- sentative, started in October, 1839, by John Caldwell. \ lew i iths later its name was changed to Man- chester Represenlaiiee. In 1842 the course of the Representative on important party issues became so dis- tasteful t.. a majority of the Democrats in the town that measures were taken to establish a new organ, and in April of that year William H. Kimball and Joseph Kidder started the Manchester Democrat. A few months later Mr. Kidder sold his interest to George W.Morrison and M ly furrier. Mr. Mor- rison subsequently disposing of his share to Mr. Cur- rier, who became associate editor with Mr. Kimball. In October, 1843, Mr. Currier's interest was pur- chased by E. 1'.. Davis, and in the spring of 1S44 the paper passed by purchase into th.' hands of Chand- ler E. Potter, a graduate of Dartmouth, and at that time a practicing attorney. The Representative was discontinued soon afterthe Democrat was started, and Mr. Caldwell established the Gleaner, a scurrilous sheet, the conduct of which involved the proprietor in numberless difficulties and lawsuits, and finally drove him from the town. In 1S4.S, Judge Potter, who was a forcible writer and an earnest advocate of Democratic principles, sold the Democrat to John H. Goodale, a native of Deering and a graduate of Wesleyan University, at Middletown, Conn. Mr. G laic conducted the paper in full accord with the principles of the Dem- ocratic party until 1850, when he evinced a decided tendency to espouse the doctrines of the Free-Soil party, then becoming a prominent factor in national politics. At tie Democratic State Convention in December, 1850, John Atwood, of New Boston, who had been a MANCHESTER. 57 Baptist minister and for several years Stale treasurer, was nominated as candidate for Governor. In the platform adopted by the convention the question of slavery was not specifically mentioned, but the com- promise measures which had just been passed by Con- gress were Cully indorsed. Soon after the convention Mr. Atwood, in answer to a letter addressed to him b\ John II. White and other Free-Soilers, expressed sentiments similar to those held by the leaders of the Free-Soil party. This letter was not immediately published, but when its contents became known to Bome of the Democratic leaders there was great ex- citement. General Pierce, who believed that Mr. At- w 1 had written the White letter without due con- sideration, endeavored to persuade him to retracehis steps, if he could conscientiously do so. Thereupon Mr. Atwood signed a letter in which he substantially rev. iked the sentiments contained in his letter to White. Upon the publication of this letterthe Free- Soilers printed his communication to White, though Atwood declared he never gave his consent to its publication. Naturally, Mr. Atwood soon found himself in a most melancholy predicament through his attempt to pleaseboth parties. The Democracy, finding then- was no way of escaping from the di- lemma in which Atwood had placed them, except by throwing him overboard altogether, immediately called a new convention, repudiated their former can- didate and renominated Samuel Dinsmore, whowas then serving his second term as Governor. Mr. Goodale, as editor of the Democrat, had be- come thoroughly imbued with Free-Soil principles, and sustained Mr. Atwood in the controversy. In tin- state of affairs the leaders of the Democratic party in Manchester held a meeting on the 28th of I> jeember, 1860, to consider the question of starting a new paper which should correctly reflect the prin- ciples of the party. James McK. Wilkins presided, and Joseph Kidder was chosen secretary. On motion of William C. Clarke, it was voted that a committee he appointed to establish a paper which should advocate sentiments in harmony with those of the Democratic party, and the following gentlemen were chosen such committee: Richard II. Aver, Walter French, Mace Moulton, John S. Kidder, Warren L. Lane, William C. Clarke, A. G. Gale, isaac < '. Flanders, Charles Stark, William A. Putney, S. H. Aver, I. N. Hays, Silas Tenney, G. P. Prescott, Samuel Dame, James \l Queston, William Boyd, E. W. Harrington, S. W. Parsons, D. P. Perkins, John L. Fitch, J. D. Emer- son, Leonard Lyon, Thomas Rundlett, William I'.. Johnson, Edward Hall. Lorenzo Dow, S. W. Jones, Charles Rundlett, W. S. Morey, James S. Cheeney, Charles B. Gleason, Sherburne Fogg, Thomas P. Fierce, [saac .Marshall, J. L. Keniston, C. E. Potter, J. McK. Wilkins, Moody Currier, Joseph M. Rowell, Leonard Rundlett, Samuel N. Bell, Robert Ayer, John Stark, Isaac Currier, Franklin Tenney, Nehe- miah Chase, A. Hatch, S. P. Greeley, D. F. Straw. Joseph Kidder, .1. s, Elliott, R. D. Mooers, Walter P.Fogg, Dustin Marshall, W.W. Baker, LG.l acker, John Sargent, S. S. Collin, A. Kimball. The committee immediately purchased the neces- sary material and fitted up an office, and January 'J4. 1851, the first number of The Union Democrat was issued. For a few week- the editorial work was per- formed by a number of gentlemen who were aide and experienced writers ; but finally the committee made an engagement with James M. Campbell, by which he was to assume the entire editorial management of the paper, and he entered upon his new duties with great zeal and enthusiasm. In thespringof 1852 it seemed unlikely that any of the very distinguished Democratic statesmen who had been named for the Presidency would receive the nomination at the next national convention of that party. Under these circumstances Mr. Campbell be lieved it possible to bring about the nomination of General Franklin Fierce. With this view, he wrote a letter in Mr. Pierce's behalf to his friend. General Conway, a leading Democrat at Fredericksburg. The convention met and failed to agree upon a candidate during twenty-five ballots. A Iter the twenty-fifth ballot the Virginia delegation retired for consultation, when Mr. Campbell's letter to Conway was read, and it was decided that at the next ballot the vole of Virginia should be cast for General Pierce. This was done, and on a subsequent ballot he was nominated. The letter of Mr. Campbell was afterwards published in the Richmond Enquirer and in most of the other I democratic papers of the South. In his conduct of the Union Democrat through the trying times that followed the election of General Fierce, and continued through his administration and that of Buchanan, Mr. Campbell displayed the high- est qualities of statesmanship, maintaining throughout a steadfast allegiance to the constitution. In State and local affairs he pursued a wise and conservative course, building his paper upon a solid foundation. In February, 1856, tl ffice was destroyed l>\ fire, but was immediately re-established in Union Build- ing, corner Elm and Market Streets. In 1861, Walter Harriman, of Warner, became joint owner with Mr. Campbell, and assume. 1 charge of its editorial columns, the name of the paper being changed to the Manchester Union. Colonel Harriman retained his interest in the paper until January, 1863, when he disposed of it to Colonel Thomas P. Pierce, and the old name, Union Democrat, was restored. The same month Colonel Pierce sold his interest to Charles Lamson, of Nashua. March 1, 1863, the first number of the Manchester Daily Union was issued from the office of the Union Democrat, and in August following, Mr. Lamson sold his interest in both papers to Alpheus A. Hanscom, of Eliot, Me., and the firm became < lampbell & Hans- com. the latter devoting his time chiefly to the busi- ness management of the office, though a frequent HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. contributor to the editorial colums. Early in 1864 t Iil' office was removed to Merchants' Exchange. In September, 1872, < reorge A. 1 lanscom, a brother of the junior partner, and James E, the second son of Mr. Campbell, were admitted as partners in the business of printing and publishing, the firm still re- taining the style of Campbell .v Hanscom. Mr. Campbell, Sr., retained control of the editorial col- ums, George A. Hanscoin took charge of the local department and James L. Campbell attended to the mechanical part of the business. In the winter of 187-';-74 the firm erected a brick block on Manchester Street, near Elm, twenty feet wide and fifty feel deep, four stories high, with basement, the office occupying the greater part of the block. The first paperprinted in the new building bears date February 9, 1874. Mr. Campbell continued to edit the paper until the fall of 1876, when finding his health greatly impaired by his long-continued and confining labors, he severed his active connection with the Union Democrat and Daily Union, and went to Florida, where he purchased a tract of land and engaged in the occupation of orange culture. He was succeeded in the editorial chair by A. A. Hanscom. Mr. Campbell maintained a lively interest in the paper, and sent an occasional contribution to its columns from his Southern home. He died quite suddenly at Sorento, Florida, on the last day of April, 1883. November 10, 1879, marked a new era in the history of the Manchester Union. On that date the paper ami material passed by purchase into the hands of Stilson Hutchins, of Laconia, John H. Riedell, of Boston, and Joseph C. Moore, of Lake Village. July 27, 1880, a stock company was formed, of which Mr. Moore became president, Mr. Hutchins treasurer and Mr. Riedell secretary. June 26, 1881, Messrs. Hutchins and Moore purchased Mr. Riedell's interest, and later, on the 5th of December, 1882, Mr. Hutchins dis- posed of his interest in the office to .Mr. Moore, since when no further change in proprietorship has been made. From the inception of the enterprise, in July, 1880, Mr. Moore was the leading and active spirit, in the management of the paper, and his addi- tional interest acquired in December, 1882, was a natural and eminently proper sequence. The new proprietors, realizing fully the task to which they had put their hands, brought to it the same enterprise, energy and sagacity that would have been found essential to success in any other business. It was their purpose to publish the best newspaper in and not only that, but one which could compete successfully with the larger metropolitan dailies in the publication of news. And they suc- ceeded. When the paper passed into their hands, November, 1879, an evening edition only was issued, and comparatively little attention was paid to tele- graphic news. On the morning of the 20th of November the first issue of the morning edition appealed. The change from an evening to a morning paper was looked upon with disfavor by many of the supporters of the paper, who could see no possible chance of success in a business rivalry with the Boston dailies, 'lime, however, vindicated the wisdom of the enterprise. Full telegraphic service was obtained through the National Press Association, the editorial and reportorial force was increased and special arrangements made for early transportation over the lines of railroad to the north, and as a result the circulation of the paper throughout the State in- creased with phenomenal rapidity. In January, 1882, the national telegraphic service was exchanged for that of the Associated Press, vvith its extended facili- ties lor securing news from all parts of the civilized world. With the increase of circulation naturally came increased advertising patronage. To meet the demand lor additional space, the paper was increased ill size at various times, until it had grown from a twenty-four column to a thirty-six column sheet, and even then a double edition on Saturdays has been found necessary to meet the wants of advertisers since November 10, 1883. For nearly twenty years after the establishment of the Weekly Union, and about seven years after the daily was started, the press-work was done outside of the office. Until 1856, when Patten's building was destroyed by lire, the presses upon which all papers in the city were printed were located in the basement ofthat building. These presses consisted of two Adams bed and platen presses and a Guernsey press, the latter of a pattern that would scarcely be accepted as a gift by any live establishment to-day. liny were destroyed in tin' conflagration that swept away the offices of The Union, the Mirror and the American. After the fire S. ( '. Merrill, who carried on the coffee and spice business in a building located on YAm Back Street, in the rear of Merchants' Exchange, and hail surplus steam-power which he wished to utilize, bought and put in operation two Adams press, s, on one of which was printed The Union and on the other the Mirror. The forms of type were taken from The Union office, then in Union Building, at the corner of Market and Elm Streets, and carried on a hand-bier to the press-room, a task that was any- thing but coveted by those upon whom it devolved. Merrill subsequently built a brick block on the corner of Manchester Street and Elm Back Street, to which the press-room was removed. This block, with its contents, was destroyed by the tire of Julj . 1870 again leasing The Union office without press facilities. The press-work of the daily edition was then for a time printed on the press of ( '. F. Livingston, and the weekly forms were sent to Concord and printed on the Patriot press until the proprietors purchased a Cottrell cylinder press and placed it in Merchants' Exchange, to which the office bad been removed, ob- taining power from the Mirror engine in the basement. This press was rated at a speed id' fifteen hundred impressions per hour, though it was seldom speeded MANCHESTER. 59 faster than one thousand or eleven hundred. The Cot- trell was moved into the new building erected bj the proprietors of The Union, in 1874, on Manchester Street, where it met the requirements of the paper until it passed into the hands of the new proprietors, in 1879, when a Hoe two-cylinder replaced it. Up I" this time the old style presses had proved "I ample capacity to print the editions of the daily and weekly. But with the establishment of a morning edition of the daily, and the journalistic enterprise displayed in other directions by the new linn, the cir- culation of both papers increased so rapidly that be- fore a year had passed, the capacity of the two-cylinder press was severely taxed to meet the demands made upon it. From 1879 to this date the growth in cir- culation had been steady, far exceeding the most sanguine expectations of the proprietors, until the two- ey Under press, printing tour thousand papers per hour, was utterly inadequate. There was no alternative but to again increase the printing capacity, both in size and speed, and it was determined not only to meet pres- ent demands, but be prepared for still further increase in circulation. An order was placed in the spring of 1883 with R. Hoe & Co., New York, the greatest press-builders in the world, for a type-revolving, web- perfecting press, capable of printing thirty -two thou- sand impressions an hour, or sixteen thousand com- plete papers, printed on both sides. At the same time a new folding-machine was purchased, which cuts, pastes and folds the eight-page editions of the daily and the weekly edition. With this new machinery and an entire outfit of type, The Union office is as finely equipped as any newspaper office in New England. These improvements, however, necessitated more commodious quarters, and in February, 1884, a ten- years' lease of the east half of the Opera-House Block on Hanover Street, with privilege of purchase, was obtained. A three-story brick building, thirty-two by thirty-four, was built in the rear of the opera-house, in which is located the press-room and composing- rooms, a new engine and boiler being placed in the basement. This building having been erected es- pecially for the purpose to which it has been devoted, is admirably adapted for the different mechanical de- partments of the paper. The business office and editorial rooms are on the ground-floor of the Opera Block, and, taken all in all, it is one of the most complete newspaper establishments in New England. The first editor or editorial writer of 77c I hion as a morning daily was Henry H. Metcalf, who began his labors with the first number and closed them Oc- tober 22, 1881. He was followed by B. F. Saurman, who remained till April 22, 1882. On May 4th, of the same year, George F. Parker assumed the position, filling it till December 9th of the same year. The editorial work was provided for from several sources till the first weak in January, 1882, at which time the arrangement now in force went into Operation. Im- portant changes were made. The scope of the edi- torial work was enlarged, and the labors divided. John T. Hulme and Edward J. Burnham weri as- signed to duty in this department. < >n December 22, 1884, Mr. Burnham was transferred to the subscrip- tion and collection department, tilling also the duties of stall' corresponded . The first city editor was Edgar J. Knowlton, who remained in the position till June 5, 1880, and was succeeded by Herbert F. Eastman. Mr. Eastman fulfilled the duties till January 22, 1881, at which time John T. Hulme came to the position, holding it continuously till be was promoted to his present position. On his promotion, Henry H. Everett came to the duties of the position. Edgar J. Know [ton re- turned to the stall' as a local reporter October 20, 1884, ami December 29th of the same year succeeded to his old position as city editor. Walter E. West was first telegraph editor of the paper, filling the position till October 6, 1883, when he retired, and was followed by the present occupant of that chair, Willis T. Dodge. John B. Mills and Herbert X. Davison at present comprise the staff of local reporters. John B. Mills was in a similar capacity in the first two years of the morning paper, but retired and returned in February, 1884. True M. Thompson followed him. ami was succeeded by George F.Richards. 0. Fred. Crosby was also a local reporter for some two years. John H. Reidell attended the State news and several other departments of the paper up to January li. 1883. (In tin' formation of the new arrangement that went into force at that time, Edward J. Burnham assumed special charge of the State news ami agricultural de- partments, and also took the editorial management of the weekly edition of the paper. On the retirement of Mr. Burnham, Henry 11. Everett assumed the du- ties of the position. John T. Hulme undertook to provide for the " ex- change " work, both in the line of general and politi- cal miscellany. He also retained the musical ami dramatical assignment. Seven gentlemen have sat at the proof-reader's desk in the following order: E. D. Houston, I. I.. Rowe, E. J. Burnham, David W. Cobb, Henry H. Everett, W. H. H. H. Snow and Alvin T. Thoits. The last-named gentleman still fills the position. The longest incumbent was E. J. Burnham, who filled the position sixteen months, retiring from it to bis present place. April o, 1883, a special department, "The Vets' Budget." was added to the paper under the charge of Henry H. Everett, who still continues the work. A Grange department was also added in 1884, and came under the direction of E. J. Burnham. "The 1 ireside" was a feature of The Union when the morning daily- was started, it was under the special charge of .Mrs. L. A. Scott, who continued till December 29,1884, €0 HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. when Mrs. Etta F. Shepard assumed the conduct of the department. The agricultural department numbers among its special contributors the following gentlemen: James 0. Adams, secretary of the State Board <>! Agriculture : James M.Connor,of Hopkinton; George R. Drake, of Pittsfield ; G. A. Simons, of Weare, and others. The session of the State Legislature in 1881 was specially reported for The Union by John T. Hulme. In 188?. and L885 the same gentleman took charge of the work. Regular stall' correspondents of The. Union are located at Concord. Nashua and Portsmouth. At Concord the duty is performed by True L. Norris, at Nashua by Charles S. Bussell, and at Portsmouth by Samuel W. Emery. A large force of correspondents furnish local news from all the prominent points in the State. The Granges of the State have by vote ap- pointed speeial correspondents to furnish the news pertaining to that order. Since the inauguration of the morning daily, Dana 1. Eastman has taken the press reports and furnished by far more " copy " than any other single individual. I'lie mechanical departments of the paper are in charge of the following gentlemen : Foreman of the composing-room, Frank T. Parsons; daj foreman, .1. Wilbur Fife; foreman of the press-r a, Edward H. Murphy : engineer, James Barry ; mailing and deliv- ery clerk, John N. Pearsons. The counting-room is presided over by Howard L. Kelley, who, since 1880, has attended to the manifold duties of the business office. The growth of the Manchester Union has 1 a mar- velous. In 1851 an unpretentious weekly sheet, started for the purpose of educating the people in the principles of true Democracy, a work in which its founder spent the I icst and most fruitful years of his busy life: struggling agnin-t the apathy ami indifference of men who had yet to learn the value of a newspaper and to estimate its real worth; slowly thrusting its roots down deeper and deeper into the public mind, and getting a firmer grasp upon the public confidence. from which it drew nourishment, while giving in return the best results of the facile pens and fertile brains of its editors, until to-day. grown strong and self-reliant, it takes its place among the solid and substantial institutions of the Granite State. The Union is an able exponent of the principles of the Democratic party, fearless and outspoken in its view-, and takes front rank among the leading dailies of New England. Joseph Clifford Moore.— Hon. Joseph Clifford Moore, editor of tin' Manchester Union and the finan- cial head of the Union Publishing Company, is a thorough representative of that valuable class known as self-made men. He is the second son of Dr. D. F. and Frances S. Moore, and was born in Loudon. N. H., August 22. 1845. His early education was limited to th ■ e ciinioa schools, and more or less shared with labor. Later in life, having made the best of such advantages as came within his reach, he pursued with -iicd-s a course of medical training at New York Medical College. From this training he returned to Lake Village, the business centre of the town of Oil- ford, which has been his home since he was ten years of age, and entered upon the practice of medicine in partnership with his father, Dr. D. F. Moore. This was in 1866, and from that time up to his joining in the newspaper enterprise at Manchester, in November, 1879, he followed his profession with untiring industry and gratifying success. His practice extended over a wide section, and involved long hours and much arduous travel. During this time he was also active in general business enterprises. Mr. Moore began his journalistic career without the benefit of any special training whatever, but brought to the work a clear, cool head, ripe judg- ment and honest purpose; but it was early apparent that he possessed that rare quality, " the newspaper faculty." Careful, prudent, caution- and conserva- tive by nature, he applied that faculty with con- stantly increasing shrewdness and wisdom ; so that the enterprise not only developed a remarkably rapid, but a sound and healthy, growth. Exercising good busi- ness judgment and methods, lie successfully main- tained the financial standing of the paper, notwith- st mding tin- excessive demands of a rapidly-growing plant. In shaping the tone and conduct of Thi Union, he has uniformly aimed to give it a character for independence, integrity and respectability, advancing it on the true line of progressive modern journalism. He is a ready editorial writer on political and gene- ral topics, eschews the ornamental and descriptive, and goes straight at the meat of a matter in a plain and direct style. His methods are convincing as well as terse and vigorous. Mr. M e has always taken a warm and active interest in politics, not from the selfish motives of the office-seeker, but as an ardent believer in and stanch supporter of a sound, sterling and progressive De- cracy. At the State election of 1880 he was elected a member of the State Senate from the Sixth Senatorial District, and filled the seat with credit to himself and bis constituency. He introduced and was chiefly instrumental in securing the passage of the measure which created the present State Board of Health. Always under self-command, easy and agreeable in manner, he proved to be valuable in legislative work, and was invariably relied upon to release the Senatorial body when sharp conflict of opinion led it into a jangle. Since the expiration Of this official trust his time has been given exclusively to business matters and the conduct of the Union. In January, 1885, he was unanimously chosen president of the New Hampshire Club, an organiza- tion comprising the leading business and professional men of the State, and shortly after accompanied it on a successful excursion Smth. As president of this Ux (L 2~>-i MANCHESTER. 61 body he is broad and liberal, seeking only to develop its interests and extend its influence. Dartmouth College, at the June commencement, 1884, conferred upon him the degree of A.M. Mr. Moore retains his residence at Lake Village, with his aged parents. He is married, but has no children. In manner he is easy and agreeable, and is favored with an excellent address and attractive per- sonal presence. In business affairs he is careful and conservative, and at the same time enterprising. Honorable and just in his transactions, he enjoys the confidence and respect of business men. At this writing he is in the full vigor of his powers, with the promise of a useful and successful future before him. The Farmers? Monthly Visitor, which had Keen pub- lished at Concord by Governor Isaac Hill since 1838, was suspended in 1849, but revived in this city in 1852, when Rowell, Prescott & Co. (Joseph M. Rowell, (ieorge P. Prescott, Chandler E. Potter) be- came its proprietors, and Judge Potter its editor. It was published as an octavo of thirty-two pages, and its first number was issued in Manchester, as the first number of its twelfth volume, in January, 1852. Judge Potter bought the Granite Farmer of Mr. Adams, October 5, 1853, and Dr. Crosby retired from the editorship two weeks later. In 1854 the latter was united with the Visitor, and published in folio form under the name of the Granite Farmer and Visi- tor. Judge Potter, having bought out his partners. was then the sole proprietor and editor. About a year later Lewis H. Hildreth, of Westford, Mass., a writer upon agriculture, came to Manchester and entered into negotations in reference to a paper. As a result, he and James 0. Adams each bought a third of the Farmer and Visitor, Judge Potter retaining a third and Mr. Adams' name appearing as that of the editor. Hildreth, however, remained but a few months, and about April, 1857, the. paper was -old at auction to John C. Merriam & Co. (Henry C. Adams), and it was issued. July 18, 1857, as a new paper under the name of the Granite State Fanner. Subse- quently Merriam retired, and Eenry C. Adams owned it for a while and then sold it to S. A. Hurlburt, wdio was the sole proprietor and editor— James 0. Adams then leaving the editor's chair— till the latter part of 1859, when Gilmore & Martin (William H. Gil- more, Warren Martin) bought the paper and issued it in folio form as the New Hampshire Journal of Agri- culture. Zephaniah Breed and Moses A. Cartland, both of Weare, became the editors. In 1861 the paper was sold to Francis B. Eaton, who published it till January, 1863, when he sold it to John B. Clarke, who united it with the Dollar Weekly Mirror, of which he was then the owner, under the name of the Dollar Weekly Mirror and New Hampshire Journal if Agriculture. The Qrusader was begun in Concord about 1850. In December, 1851, it was published simultaneously in Concord and Manchester, and in February, 1852, was published altogether in this city. It was not long afterwards moved to Concord, united with the Pha nix of that city and afterwards absorbed by thi \"i i Hampshire Gazette at Portsmouth. I ii 1 s ">.':, licnjamin F. Stanton and William B. Burn- ham issued, for a short time, a small sheet devoted to phonography, called the Junto Organ. A paper called the Ladies' Enterprise was begun January 1, 1854, and published for a time. In 1N54 the Stars and Stripes, a "Know-Nothing" paper, was established, and was removed soon after- wards to Laconia and absorbed in the Win,, tin:,//,. The New Hampshire Journal of Medicine was first issued at Concord in August, 1850, and was removed to Manchester in July, 1856, and continued till De- cember, 1859, when it was suspended. The New J lamps hire Journal if Education was es- tablished in January, 1857, and soon after removed to Concord. The Literary Visitor, begun January 1, L859, bj George W. Batchelder and Martin A. Hayncs, was short-lived. The True Republican was started February 4, 1859, by Benjamin F. Stanton. With him were afterwards associated Hector Canfield and Orren C. Moore. The paper was continued about a year under the titles of True Fepiihlieaii, Citij Messenger and Republican and Manchester Republican. Moore's Musical Record, John W. Moore, editor, was begun in January, 1857, and published monthly, by John W. Moore & Co., for two years. In Jan- uary, 1869, John W. .Moore. Samuel ( '. Merrill, ( 'harles Clough and Sylvester ('. Gould began the publication of the Manchester Daily News. It was soon discon- tinued. La Voir du Peuple, was begun in 1869, but was short-lived. The Labor Journal was started March 24, 1870, by Daniel S. Holt, and soon after suspended. The Public Forum, a weekly paper, was started Sep- tember 30, 1871, as a Democratic journal, by George J. Foster & Co., Joshua L. Foster being its edi- tor. It was soon after removed to Dover, its name changed to that of Foster's Democrat, and is still pub- lished there. TheNew Hump shin Journal of Music was begun January 1, 1872, by Imri S.Whitney. JohnW. Moore was its editor till the close of 1874. Discontinued. The Saturday Night Dispatch was begun Saturday, January 24, 1874, by Merritt S. Hunt. James ( ). Adams was associated with Mr. Hunt as editor and proprietor from September 1, to December 1, 1874. It was subsequently changed to Mancftester limes, and conducted by Henry II. Everett until late in the win- ter of 1883, when it was discontinued. The New Hampshire Sunday Globe was begun Feb- ruary 7, 1875, by Rollins & Kingdom Discontinued. The Manchester Weekly Budget was established HISTORY OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE. June 16, L883,by William M. Kendall, Jr., and David M. Ladd, by whom it is still published. The success of the Budget has been phenomenal, the circulation having reached seven thousand five hundred copies sveekly. Thesize of the paper is twelve pages, seventy - two columns; subscription price, two dollars a year. The circulation of the Budget now penetrates nearly everv village and school district in the State. 7V American Young Folks was established in 1875, and consolidated with the Buys and Girls of New Hampshire inMarch, 1882. Editor, George W. Browne, [ssued semi-monthly by the American Young Folks Company. The Echo des < 'anadiens was established July 2, 1880, with Leander Boudreau editor and Charles L. Fitz- patrick and Leandre Boudreau proprietors. Discon- tinued. I,c Bateau was established November 5, 1881. P. C. Chatel, editor and proprietor. Discontinued. Manchester Guardian was established July 14, 1883. Charles A. O'Connor, editor-in-chief. Discontinued. The Semi-WeeMy Record was started December 1, 1883, Frank H. Challis, editor and publisher. "A penny newspaper," published on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Discontinued. Notes and Queries, a magazine containing miscella- neous notes and queries, with answers, for professors and students, teachers and pupils, is published monthly by S. C. & L. M. Could. Mr. S. C. Gould manifests a deep interest in his- torical matters, and has a collection of books, pam- phlets and magazines relating to Manchester, number- ing over sixteen hundred, from 1743-1885. This collection comprises book and pamphlet lit- erature, including some of the leading magazine literature published serially. It contains the published literary efforts of former and present residents, whether native or temporary, and whether published prior to their residence here or subsequent to their departure ; also, all works relating to or published by the city. The collection also includes more or less of literature relating to Bedford, together with some relating to Londonderry and Deny, of which towns Manchester was formerly a part. The first published pamphlet in reference to Man- chester, now known, is the (Rev. Joseph Secombe) " Discourse uttered in part at Ammauskeeg-Falls, in the Fishing Season, 1739; ' Businessand Diversion in- offensive to God, and necessary for the comfort and support of human society;' " from the text. "Simon Peter saith unto them, ' I go a fishing.'" This dis- course was printed in Boston, in 1743, — one hundred and forty-two years ago, — and only five copiesare now- known to be extant. The first pamphlets to be im- printed in Manchester, now known, wire " An Address delivered at Pembroke, N. H., May 13, 1841," and 'A Historical Sketch of Bedford, N. H., a discourse deliv- ered July 4, 1841," both by Rev. Thomas Savage, A. M.. and printed at the office of Emerson >V Mur- ray, in 1841, octavos of sixteen pages each. The first book now known to have been imprinted in Manches- ter was "The Life and Adventures of Seth Wymanj Written by Himself," and printed by J. H. Gate, in 1843, a duodecimo of three hundred and ten pages, bound in cloth. This book was suppressed by rela- tives of the autobiographer, before a hundred copies were sold, and is now a scarce book. Educational.— In 17*4 the town voted a liberal expenditure for educational purposes, and in that year also the town was divided into four school dis- tricts ; but it was notuntil 1795 that a school-house was erected in "Derryfield." This primitive educational institution was built by private subscription and was located upon what was then known as the Falls road, intherear ofthe present residence of Hon. David Cross. This house was purchased by the town in 1798, and it was also voted that year to erect two additional ones. In 1809 the town was redistricted and a school-house built at the Centre. The school district system, which was originated in 1773, continued until 1868, when the city assumed control of the schools. The first teachers were, — 1791, Jonathan Rand; 1792, Edward Blodget, Ste- phen Potter and Frederick Hastings ; 1793, William White and Peter Severens ; 1794, John Tufts and Peter Severens ; 1795, John M. Laughlin ; 1796, 1797 and 1798, Samuel Moor, Jr.; 1799, Samuel Moor, Jr., and Mathew Reed. Mr. Rand was the first teacher in town of whom any record can be found. The wages paid were from eight to twelve dollars a month. The highest sum paid per month from 1791 to 1801, as appears from the selectmen's book, was " to Samuel Moor, Jr., twelve dollars for keeping school in the lower district one month." The school property now owned by the city is val- ued at over three hundred thousand dollars, and con- sits of a High Si-liool building, on Beech Street, valued at forty-five thousand dollars, and numerous others. High School.— The High School was first kept in the old building now standing on the corner of Low- ell and Chestnut Streets. The house was erected in 1841 at a cost of three thousand dollars, and was used for a district school, with David P. Perkins as the first master. Some five or six years later it was changed to a High School, and in 1867 it was moved to its present location, on Beech Street, the new building having been erected to meet the demand for better accommodations for the school. Fuaxki.in Street Schools. — The school formerly called the South Grammar S.-l 1 was originally kept in a chapel on Concord Street, from which it was moved, in 1N47, to the brick building on Park Street, built for its use. Ten years later it was transferred to its present location, on the corner of Franklin and Pleasant Streets. This building and lot are valued at eighteen thousand dollars. MANCHESTER. Spring Street Schools. — A school was begun in L848 in the brick building on Spring Street, and then called the North Grammar. Moses T. Brown was its first principal. Lincoln Street Schools.— Under the name of the East Grammar, a school was begun in 1867, in the new High School house, with two divisions, gathered from the North and South Grammar Schools. In the fall of 1868 another division was added, and in the spring of 1869 it was moved to the old Bigh School building, where a first division was added and a master was appointed. In 1871 a new house was built for its accommodation on the corner of Lincoln and Merrimack Streets, worth fifty thousand dollars, where it is now located. Ash Street Grammar Schools.— In 1874 a fine building was erected on the corner of Ash and Bridge Streets to meet the growing demand lor school facili- ties, and a grammar school was established, composed of pupils residing in the northeastern section of the city. The building is a line specimen of school arch- itecture, and is valued at fifty-eight thousand dollars. Main Street Schools, West Manchester — With the annexation of Piscataquog village, in 1853, the grammar school came under the care of the city. It was kept in the Centre Street building until 1874, when it was removed to its present location, on Main Street. An addition was made to the building in 1882 for the accommodation of the considerable in- crease in pupils. Webster Street Schools, West Manchester. —During the year 1882 a handsome school building was erected on Webster Street, between Elm and Chestnut, at a cost of seventeen thousand dollars. It is designed for scholars residing at the north end of the city. Two schools are already located there. There are other schools located on Blodgett, Bridge, Lowell, Manchester, Merrimack and Beech Streets ; also on South Main Street and School Street, West Manchester. There are a number of suburban schools. The largest of these is located at Bakers- ville. The school building was erected in lsx:: at a cost of twelve thousand dollars. Others are: No. 1, Stark District; No. 2, Amoskeag ; No. 3, Bakers- ville; No. 4, Goffe's Falls; No. 5, Harvey District; No. 6, Webster's Mills; No. 7, Hallsville; No. 8, Youngsville; No. 9, Mosquito Pond. Catholic Educational Establishments — Mount St. Mary's Academy, corner Union and Laurel Streets, is under the control of the Sisters of Mercy. This is a boarding-school for young ladies. It has been in existence lor twenty-five years, and has an average attendance of sixty pupils. The course of studies, embracing five \ ears, includes all the branches of a useful ami Christian education. Young ladies of all religious denominations are received, and inter- ference with their religious convictions is scrupulously avoided. The present superior is Rev. Mother Fran- ces Leeson. The school for boys in Park Street, taught by twelve Sisters of Mercy ; Rev. Thos. Corcoran, princi- pal. Number of scholars, about four hundred. St. Joseph's School for Inns, corner of Lowell anil Beach Streets, taught by six Sisters of Mercy. Num- ber of pupils, two hundred and fifty. St. Joseph's School for girls, comer Lowell and Pine Streets, taught by six Sisters of Mercy. Number of pupils, two hundred and fifty. The schools of St. Joseph's parish are tinder the immediate supervision of the right reverend bishop. St. Agnes' School for girls, corner Union and Spruce Sii eeis, taught by seven Sisters of Mercy. Number ol scholars, three hundred. St. Augustine's School for boys and girls, East Spruce Street, taught by Sisters of Jesus and Mary. Number of pupils, live hundred. St. Mary's School for boys and girls, connected with St. Mary's Church, West Manchester. This school has just been erected, and will be under the control of the Sisters of Providence. It will accomodate four hundred pupils. Charitable Institution*.— St. Patrick's Home and Hospital, Hanover Street, conducted by the Sisters id' Mercy. Number of orphans, sixty; patients in hospital, fifteen. St. Patrick's Home for Aged Women, Hanover Street, managed by the Sisters of Mercy. Number of inmates, fifteen. German School.— The first German School-house in the State of New Hampshire was dedicated here in 1884. It is located at the comer of Third and Ferry Streets, and is of brick, thirty-two by forty-eight in size, and two stories in height, with a flat roof. Over the main entrance, on Third Street, are two tablets of polished granite, bearing in gilt letters of German text the words, "Deutsch Schule" and the year of erection, "1884." The German School Society, to which this convenient and comfortable little edifice owes its existence, was organized August 22, 1875, mainly through the efforts of members of theTurn- verein. The State Industri m School.— The movement which resulted in the establishment of this institution was started in 1855, when the Legislature passed an tut authorizing the Governor and Council to appoint a board of three commissioners, empowered to buy a tract of land and erect buildings thereon, to provide a "house of reformation for juvenile and female offend- ers against the laws." The commissioners— the Hon. Frederick Smyth, of Manchester, the Hon. Matthew Harvey, of Concord, and Hosea Eaton,